(Encyclopedia) Ostend Manifesto, document drawn up in Oct., 1854, at Ostend, Belgium, by James Buchanan, American minister to Great Britain, John Y. Mason, minister to France, and Pierre Soulé,…
(Encyclopedia) Innocent VIII, 1432–92, pope (1484–92), a Genoese named Giovanni Battista Cibo; successor of Sixtus IV. He was made a cardinal in 1473. His close friend, Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere…
(Encyclopedia) Hébert, Jacques RenéHébert, Jacques Renézhäk rənāˈ ābĕrˈ [key], 1757–94, French journalist and revolutionary. An ardent supporter of the French Revolution, he gained the support of the…
(Encyclopedia) Piltdown man, name given to human remains found during excavations (1908–15) at Piltdown, Sussex, England, by Charles Dawson. The find led to much speculation and argument. Since they…
(Encyclopedia) Boulle or Buhl, André CharlesBoulle or Buhl, André Charlesboth: äNdrāˈ shärl b&oomacr;l [key], 1642–1732, French cabinetmaker, the master of a distinctive style of furniture, much…
Painters, sculptors, and photographers
Read the brief and informative biographies of notable artists, from Pablo Picasso and Mary Cassatt to Vincent Van Gogh and Georgia O'Keeffe…
(Encyclopedia) NabisNabisnäbēˈ [key] [Heb.,=prophets], a group of artists in France active during the 1890s. Paul Sérusier and Maurice Denis were the principal theorists of the group. Outstanding…
(Encyclopedia) Lagerfeld, Karl, 1938–2019, German fashion designer, b. Hamburg as Karl Otto Lagerfeldt, immigrated with his family to Paris in 1952. He won a fashion award at 16, designed for…
(Encyclopedia) Lee, Arthur, 1740–92, American Revolutionary diplomat, b. Westmoreland co., Va.; brother of Francis L. Lee, Richard H. Lee, and William Lee. Educated in Great Britain, he returned to…
(Encyclopedia) serial music, the body of compositions whose fundamental syntactical reference is a particular ordering (called series or row) of the twelve pitch classes—C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G…
