(Encyclopedia) KulturkampfKulturkampfk&oobreve;lt&oomacr;rˈkämpfˌ [key] [Ger.,=conflict of cultures], the conflict between the German government under Bismarck and the Roman Catholic Church.…
(Encyclopedia) Charles XIV (Charles John; Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte)Charles XIVzhäN bäptēstˈ zhül bĕrnädôtˈ [key], 1763–1844, king of Sweden and Norway (1818–44), French Revolutionary general.…
(Encyclopedia) Fathers of the Church, collective name for the Christian writers of early times whose work is considered generally orthodox. A convenient definition includes all such writers up to and…
(Encyclopedia) Boniface, SaintBoniface, Saintbŏnˈĭfəs, –fās [key], c.675–754?, English missionary monk and martyr, called the Apostle of Germany, b. Devonshire, England. His English name was Winfrid…
The tangled origins of the October 31 holiday by Shmuel Ross Related Links Halloween GuideHalloween Traditions New! Halloween by the NumbersHalloween Hangman New…
(Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger)popeBorn: April 16, 1927Birthplace: Marktl, Bavaria, Germany Benedict XVI was named pope in April 2005, succeeding the immensely popular Pope John Paul II. The conclave…
(Encyclopedia) Armenian Church, autonomous Christian church, sometimes also called the Gregorian Church. Its head, a primate of honor only, is the catholicos of Yejmiadzin, Armenia; Karekin II became…
(Encyclopedia) Godfrey of BouillonGodfrey of Bouillonb&oomacr;yôNˈ [key], c.1058–1100, Crusader, duke of Lower Lorraine. He fought for Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV against Pope Gregory VII and…
(Encyclopedia) Ivan II or Ivan AsenIvan IIēˈvän äˈsən [key], d. 1241, czar of Bulgaria (1218–41). On the death (1207) of his father, Kaloyan, founder of the second Bulgarian empire, the throne was…
compiled by Borgna Brunner Pope John Paul II (Karol Józef Wojtyla) 1920–2005, pope (1978–2005) Birthplace: Wadowice, Poland Update: Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger becomes…
