(Encyclopedia) Épernon, Jean Louis de Nogaret, duc d'Épernon, Jean Louis de Nogaret, duc d'zhäN lwē də nōgärāˈ dük dāpĕrnôNˈ [key], 1554–1642, French nobleman. He distinguished himself during the…
(Encyclopedia) Verdun, Treaty of, the partition of Charlemagne's empire among three sons of Louis I, emperor of the West. It was concluded in 843 at Verdun on the Meuse or, possibly, Verdun-sur-le-…
(Encyclopedia) Ryswick, Treaty of, 1697, the pact that ended the War of the Grand Alliance. Its signers were France on one side and England, Spain, and the Netherlands on the other. It was a setback…
(Encyclopedia) Belle-Isle, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc deBelle-Isle, Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc deshärl lwē ōgüstˈ f&oomacr;kāˈ dük də bĕl-ēlˈ [key], 1684–1761, marshal of France…
(Encyclopedia) Enghien, Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon-Condé, duc d'Enghien, Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon-Condé, duc d'lwē äNtwänˈ äNrēˈ də b&oobreve;rbôNˈ-kôNdāˈ dük däNgyăNˈ [key], 1772–1804…
(Encyclopedia) Anne of Austria, 1601–66, queen of France, daughter of King Philip III of Spain. Married to the French king Louis XIII (1615), she was neglected by her husband and sought the society…
(Encyclopedia) Elizabeth Charlotte of Bavaria, 1652–1722, German princess, called the Princess Palatine and also known as Charlotte Elizabeth; wife of Philippe I d'Orléans, brother of King Louis XIV…
(Encyclopedia) Guettard, Jean-ÉtienneGuettard, Jean-Étiennezhän-ātyĕnˈ gĕtärˈ [key], 1715–86, French geologist, botanist, and natural historian. He was curator of the natural history collection of…
(Encyclopedia) Medici, Piero de', 1471–1503, Italian merchant prince. He succeeded his father, Lorenzo de' Medici (Lorenzo il Magnifico), as head of the Medici family and as leader of the Florentine…
(Encyclopedia) Eleanor of AquitaineEleanor of Aquitaineăkwĭtānˈ, ăkˈwĭtān [key], 1122?–1204, queen consort first of Louis VII of France and then of Henry II of England. Daughter and heiress of…
