(Encyclopedia) Irwin, Robert, 1928–, American painter and sculptor, b. Long Beach, Calif. Irwin was one of the founders of the California-based Light and Space movement. Early in his career, he…
(Encyclopedia) Smillie, RobertSmillie, Robertsmīˈlē [key], 1857–1940, British labor official, b. Belfast, Ireland, of Scottish parents. He was president of the Scottish Miners' Federation from 1894…
(Encyclopedia) Mapplethorpe, RobertMapplethorpe, Robertmāˈpəlthôrpˌ [key], 1946–89, American photographer, b. New York City. He is known for his elegantly expressive black-and-white studies of male…
(Encyclopedia) Coles, Robert, 1929–, American child psychiatrist, b. Boston, grad. Harvard (B.A., 1950), Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons (M.D., 1954). He began working with children while…
(Encyclopedia) Nanteuil, RobertNanteuil, Robertrōbĕrˈ näNtöˈyə [key], 1623?–1678, French draftsman and engraver. His pastel portraits gained him popularity, and in 1658 Louis XIV made him draftsman…
(Encyclopedia) Laurent, RobertLaurent, Robertrōbârˈ lôrĕntˈ [key], 1890–1970, American sculptor, b. France. He emigrated to the United States in 1902 and later studied in Rome. Progressing from early…
(Encyclopedia) Casadesus, RobertCasadesus, Robertkäsädāsüsˈ [key], 1899–1972, French pianist and composer, b. Paris. Casadesus was born into a family remarkable for its numerous celebrated musicians…
(Encyclopedia) Raikes, RobertRaikes, Robertrāks [key], 1735–1811, English philanthropist. In 1780 he organized a Sunday school, primarily for poor children, who were taught to read and to spell to…
(Encyclopedia) Granjon, RobertGranjon, Robertgrănˈjən, Fr. rōbĕrˈ gräNzhôNˈ [key], fl. 1545–88, French designer of type and printer. He began his work in Paris and afterward worked in Lyons, Antwerp…
