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Communist party, in Russia and the Soviet Union

(Encyclopedia) See L. Schapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2d ed. 1971); S. F. Cohen, Rethinking the Soviet Experience (1985); M. Geller, Utopia in Power (1986); S. Carter, Russian…

Leighton, Frederick Leighton, Baron

(Encyclopedia) Leighton, Frederick Leighton, BaronLeighton, Frederick Leighton, Baronlāˈtən [key], 1830–96, English painter and sculptor. He studied in Florence. His first exhibited picture, which…

Jenney, William Le Baron

(Encyclopedia) Jenney, William Le Baron, 1832–1907, American engineer and architect, b. Fairhaven, Mass. He studied at Harvard Scientific School and the École des Beaux-Arts. Later he learned…

Liebig, Justus, Baron von

(Encyclopedia) Liebig, Justus, Baron vonLiebig, Justus, Baron vony&oobreve;sˈt&oobreve;s bärônˈ fən lēˈbĭkh [key], 1803–73, German chemist. As professor at Giessen (1824–52), he was among the…

Knyphausen, Wilhelm, Baron von

(Encyclopedia) Knyphausen, Wilhelm, Baron vonKnyphausen, Wilhelm, Baron vonvĭlˈhĕlm bärônˈ fən kənüpˈhouzən [key], 1716–1800, German general in British service in the American Revolution. He served…

Haussmann, Georges Eugène, Baron

(Encyclopedia) Haussmann, Georges Eugène, BaronHaussmann, Georges Eugène, Baronzhôrzh özhĕnˈ bärôNˈ ōsmänˈ [key], 1809–91, French civic official and city planner. Distinguished for his bold…

Hirsch, Maurice, baron de

(Encyclopedia) Hirsch, Maurice, baron deHirsch, Maurice, baron demōrēsˈ bärôNˈ də hĭrsh [key], 1831–96, German Jewish financier and philanthropist. The benefactor of numerous organizations and causes…

Heathfield, 1st Baron

(Encyclopedia) Heathfield, 1st Baron: see Eliott, George Augustus, 1st Baron Heathfield of Gibraltar.

Anson, George Anson, Baron

(Encyclopedia) Anson, George Anson, Baron, 1697–1762, British admiral. In his famous voyage (1740–44) around the world, Anson, in spite of shipwrecks and scurvy, inflicted great damage on Spanish…

Graves, Thomas Graves, Baron

(Encyclopedia) Graves, Thomas Graves, Baron, 1725?–1802, British admiral. During the American Revolution his fleet was routed (1781) by the comte de Grasse at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, a defeat…