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Torrey, John

(Encyclopedia) Torrey, John, 1796–1873, American botanist and chemist, b. New York City, M.D. College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1818. He was professor of chemistry (1827–55) at his alma mater and…

Chapman, John

(Encyclopedia) Chapman, John, 1774–1845, American pioneer, more familiarly known as Johnny Appleseed, b. Massachusetts. From Pennsylvania—where he had sold or given saplings and apple seeds to…

Wise, John

(Encyclopedia) Wise, John, 1652–1725, American clergyman, exponent of the democratic principles of modern Congregationalism, b. Roxbury, Mass., grad. Harvard, 1673. He was pastor at Ipswich, Mass.,…

Herbert A. Simon

Herbert Alexander Simonsocial scientist and economistBorn: 6/15/1916Birthplace: Milwaukee, Wisconsin polymath who won several awards, including the 1978 Nobel Prize in Economics, for his theory on…

Benjamin A. Rubin

Born: 1917Birthplace: New York City Bifurcated vaccination needle—Until 1967 smallpox killed at least 2 million people annually. In 1980 the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had…

Reginald A. Fessenden

Born: 1866Birthplace: East Bolton, Quebec, Canada Apparatus for signaling by electromagnetic waves—Canadian Reginald Fessenden made history in 1906 when he broadcast the world's first radio…

Edwin A. Link

Born: 1904 Link Trainer/Simulator. While working in his father's piano and organ factory, Link was inspired to use organ parts and compressed air to build the first flight simulator. During World…

A. Bartlett Giamatti

Born: Apr. 4, 1938Scholar and 7th commissioner of baseball banned Pete Rose for life for betting on Major League games and associating with known gamblers; also served as president of Yale (1978-86…

Ben A. Jones

Born: Dec. 31, 1882Horse racing Calumet Farm trainer (1939-47); saddled 6 Kentucky Derby champions, including 2 Triple Crown winners—Whirlaway in 1941 and Citation in '48.Died: June 13, 1961

Alfred A. Knopf

book publisherBorn: 9/12/1892Birthplace: New York City A premier book publisher who paid as much attention to the typestyle and materials of the books he published as to the quality of the…