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Juan Fernández

(Encyclopedia) Juan FernándezJuan Fernándezhwän fārnänˈdās [key], group of small islands, S Pacific, c.400 mi (640 km) W of Valparaiso, Chile. They belong to Chile and are constitutionally a special…

The Supreme Court and Federalism

The framers of the Constitution sought to balance the rights of the several states and the powers of the new federal government. Their solution was a federal system, which divides powers between the…

New York Times Company v. Sullivan

(Encyclopedia) New York Times Company v. Sullivan, case decided in 1964 by the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1960, the Times ran a fundraising advertisement signed by civil-rights leaders that criticized,…

Hall, Jeffrey Connor

(Encyclopedia) Hall, Jeffrey Connor, 1945–, American geneticist, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., Ph.D. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, 1971. Hall was a professor at Brandeis Univ. from 1974 to 2008; he also taught…

Changing Views of Free Speech in the U.S.

Many Americans, including many who supported the new Constitution, criticized the document because it lacked a bill of rights—a listing of the basic rights held by people against the new national…

The Supreme Court and Equal Rights

The Constitution describes equal rights only in general terms. The courts, especially the Supreme Court, have had to decide how these consitutional guarantees apply to specific situations. Some Court…

Joseph Burns CROWLEY, Congress, IL (1858-1931)

CROWLEY, Joseph Burns, a Representative from Illinois; born in Coshocton, Coshocton County, Ohio, July 19, 1858; moved with his parents to a farm near St. Marie, Jasper County, Ill., in 1860…

Rosbash, Michael Morris

(Encyclopedia) Rosbash, Michael Morris, 1944–, American geneticist, b. Kansas City, Mo., Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1970. Rosbash has been a professor at Brandeis Univ. since 1974,…

Negro League Baseball: Gone But Not Forgotten

Jackie Robinson  Robinson wasn't the most talented player in the Negro Leagues, but Rickey considered him the most "suitable" player to desegregate baseball. The fact that he was married —…