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Averroës

(Encyclopedia) AverroësAverroësəvĕrˈōēz [key], Arabic Ibn Rushd, 1126–98, Spanish-Arab philosopher. He was far more important and influential in Jewish and Christian thought than in Islam. He was a…

Mubarak, Muhammad Hosni

(Encyclopedia) Mubarak, Muhammad HosniMubarak, Muhammad Hosnihōsˈnē m&oomacr;bəˈrək [key], 1928–2020, president of Egypt (1981–2011). Air force commander (1972–75) and vice president (1975–81) of…

asceticism

(Encyclopedia) asceticismasceticisməsĕtˈĭsĭzəm [key], rejection of bodily pleasures through sustained self-denial and self-mortification, with the objective of strengthening spiritual life.…

immortality

(Encyclopedia) immortality, attribute of deathlessness ascribed to the soul in many religions and philosophies. Forthright belief in immortality of the body is rare. Immortality of the soul is a…

Scanderbeg

(Encyclopedia) Scanderbeg or SkanderbegScanderbegboth: skănˈdərbĕg [key], c.1404–1468, Albanian national hero. His original name was George Castriota or Kastriotes, but the Ottomans called him…

Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz

(Encyclopedia) Abdullah bin Abdul AzizAbdullah bin Abdul Azizäbd&oobreve;lˈlä ĭbˈən ăbd&oobreve;lˈ ăzēzˈ [key], 1924–2015, king of Saudi Arabia (2005–15), b. Riyadh. Like his predecessor,…

Fazzan

(Encyclopedia) FazzanFazzanfäz-zänˈ [key] or FezzanFazzanfĕz– [key], historic region, SW Libya. Marzuq, Sabhha, Brak, and Zawilah, all situated in oases in the Sahara Desert, are the chief…

Kaaba

(Encyclopedia) Kaaba or CaabaCaababoth: käˈbə or käˈəbə [key] [Arab.,=cube], the central, cubic, stone structure, covered by a black cloth, within the Great Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The sacred…