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Polignac, Jules Armand, prince de

(Encyclopedia)Polignac, Jules Armand, prince de zhül ärmäNˈ prăNs də pôlēnyäkˈ [key], 1780–1847, French statesman. Belonging to one of the oldest families of France, he emigrated with them during the Fr...

Anne de Beaujeu

(Encyclopedia)Anne de Beaujeu də bōzhöˈ [key], c.1460–1522, regent of France, daughter of the French King Louis XI. With her husband, Pierre de Beaujeu, duc de Bourbon, she acted as regent for her brother, Ch...

Campomanes, Pedro Rodríguez de, conde de Campomanes

(Encyclopedia)Campomanes, Pedro Rodríguez de, conde de Campomanes pāˈᵺrō rôᵺrēˈgāth kōnˈdā dā kämpōmäˈnās [key], 1723–1802, Spanish statesman, economist, and author. As president of the counc...

Catherine de' Medici

(Encyclopedia)Catherine de' Medici dĕ mĕdˈĭchē, Ital. dā mĕˈdēchē [key], 1519–89, queen of France, daughter of Lorenzo de' Medici, duke of Urbino. She was married (1533) to the duc d'Orléans, later Kin...

Maspero, Gaston Camille Charles

(Encyclopedia)Maspero, Sir Gaston Camille Charles gästôNˈ kämēˈyə shärl mäspərōˈ [key], 1846–1916, French Egyptologist. He taught at the Collège de France and was director of archaeology in Egypt, wh...

Gounod, Charles François

(Encyclopedia)Gounod, Charles François shärl fräNswäˈ go͞onōˈ [key], 1818–93, French composer, studied at the Paris Conservatory and received the Grand Prix de Rome in 1839. His fame rests chiefly on his ...

Charles the Bold

(Encyclopedia)Charles the Bold, 1433–77, last reigning duke of Burgundy (1467–77), son and successor of Philip the Good. As the count of Charolais before his accession, he opposed the growing power of King Loui...

Padilla, Juan de

(Encyclopedia)Padilla, Juan de hwän dā päᵺēˈlyä [key], c.1490–1521, Spanish revolutionary leader in the war of the comuneros [municipalities] against Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Charles's conduct and hi...

Wurtz, Charles Adolphe

(Encyclopedia)Wurtz, Charles Adolphe shärl ädôlfˈ vürts [key], 1817–84, French chemist. He was professor at the Sorbonne (1852–75), at the Faculty of Medicine, Paris (1853–75), and at the Faculty of Scie...

Jouvenel, Henry de

(Encyclopedia)Jouvenel, Henry de äNrēˈ də zho͞ovənĕlˈ [key], 1876–1935, French statesman and journalist. Although from an early age influential in politics, he refused to join a party, claiming that exist...

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