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Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia)Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich nyĭkəlīˈ ēväˈnəvĭch pĭrōgôfˈ [key], 1810–81, Russian surgeon, b. Moscow. He entered Moscow Univ. at the age of 14 and completed the medical curriculum at 17. ...

Rykov, Aleksey Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia)Rykov, Aleksey Ivanovich əlyĭksyāˈ ēväˈnəvĭch rēˈkôf [key], 1881–1938, Russian revolutionary and Communist leader. A Bolshevik, he became commissar for the interior after the October Rev...

Afanasyev, Aleksandr Nikolayevich

(Encyclopedia)Afanasyev, Aleksandr Nikolayevich əlyĭksänˈdər nyĭkəlīˈəvĭch əfənäˈsyəf [key], 1826–71, Russian folklorist. His collections, published from 1866 on, were instrumental in introducing ...

Chaliapin, Feodor Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia)Chaliapin, Feodor Ivanovich fyôˈdər ēväˈnəvĭch shəlyäˈpyĭn [key], 1873–1938, Russian operatic bass. His powerful and supple voice, together with his tremendous physique, his gusto, and h...

Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia)Mendeleev, Dmitri Ivanovich mĕndəlāˈəf, Rus. dəmēˈtrē ēväˈnəvĭch myĭndyĭlyāˈəf [key], 1834–1907, Russian chemist. He is famous for his formulation (1869) of the periodic law and t...

Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich

(Encyclopedia)Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich nyĭkəlīˈ ēväˈnəvĭch vəvēˈləf [key], 1887–1943?, Russian botanist and geneticist. He is reported to have died in a Soviet concentration camp after losing polit...

Gretchaninov, Aleksandr Tichonovich

(Encyclopedia)Gretchaninov, Aleksandr Tichonovich əlyĭksänˈdər tēkônôˈvĭch grĕchänēˈnŏf [key], 1864–1956, Russian composer; pupil of Rimsky-Korsakov. Among his works are four symphonies, two operas...

Sumarokov, Aleksandr Petrovich

(Encyclopedia)Sumarokov, Aleksandr Petrovich əlyĭksänˈdər pētrôˈvĭch so͞omərôˈkəf [key], 1718–77, Russian dramatist and poet. Sumarokov wrote fables, satires, lyrics, and comic odes in the classical...

Butlerov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich

(Encyclopedia)Butlerov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich əlyĭksänˈdər mēkhīlˈəvĭch bo͞otˈlyərôf [key], 1825–86, Russian chemist. As professor at the Univ. of Kazan he founded the first school of Russian chemi...

Bagration, Piotr Ivanovich, Prince

(Encyclopedia)Bagration, Piotr Ivanovich, Prince pyôˈtər ēväˈnəvyĭch bägrätēōnˈ [key], 1765–1812, Russian general in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He fought under Field Marshal Suvoro...