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Botsaris, Markos

(Encyclopedia)Botsaris, Markos bōzărˈĭs, –zäˈrĭs, Gr. bôtˈsärēs [key], c.1788–1823, Greek patriot. Exiled from his native Epirus in 1803, he joined Ali Pasha in 1820 and later was prominent in the Gr...

Bozzaris, Marcos

(Encyclopedia)Bozzaris, Marcos bōzărˈĭs, –zäˈrĭs, Gr. bôtˈsärēs [key], c.1788–1823, Greek patriot. Exiled from his native Epirus in 1803, he joined Ali Pasha in 1820 and later was prominent in the Gr...

Bodinayakkanur

(Encyclopedia)Bodinayakkanur bōˌdĭnäyəkˌəno͞orˈ [key], town, Tamil Nadu state, at the foot of the Eastern Ghats, SE India....

Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah, Sir Hassanal

(Encyclopedia)Bolkiah Mu'izzadin Waddaulah, Sir Hassanal, 1946–, sultan of Brunei (1967–). He succeeded to the throne after the abdication of his father, Sultan Sir Omar Ali Saifuddin. Known as a playboy, he no...

Munger

(Encyclopedia)Munger or Monghyr both: mŭngˈgĭr [key], city (1991 pop. 150,112), Bihar state, NE India, on the Ganges River. It is a district administrative center and a grain market, with important road, rail, a...

Kitab al-Aghani

(Encyclopedia)Kitab al-Aghani kētäbˈ äl-ägänēˈ [key] [Arab.,=book of songs], collection of poems in many volumes compiled by Abu al-Faraj Ali of Esfahan. It contains poems from the oldest epoch of Arabic li...

Kufa

(Encyclopedia)Kufa ko͞oˈfə [key], former Mesopotamian city, near the Euphrates River, c.110 mi (177 km) S of Baghdad. Founded in 638, Kufa soon rivaled Basra in size. The Arab governor of Iraq resided there unti...

Muzaffar ad-Din

(Encyclopedia)Muzaffar ad-Din mo͞ozäf-färˈ äd-dēnˈ [key], 1853–1907, shah of Persia (1896–1907), son of Nasir ad-Din. A weak ruler, he borrowed money from Russia and failed to oppose the encroachments of...

Palakkad

(Encyclopedia)Palakkad pälgôtˈ [key], town (2011 pop. 130,955), Kerala state, SW India. It commands the Palakkad, or Palghat, Gap, the major pass for road and rail through the Western Ghats, connecting the India...

Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad

(Encyclopedia)Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad, 1924–88, Pakistani military and political leader. Named general and chief of staff by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1976, he declared martial law in July, 1977, in response to agitati...