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Marschall von Bieberstein, Adolf, Baron

(Encyclopedia)Marschall von Bieberstein, Adolf, Baron äˈdôlf märˈshäl fən bēˈbərshtīn [key], 1842–1912, German diplomat. After years in the administrative service of Baden and as a member of its legisl...

Chénier, Marie Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Chénier, Marie Joseph shānyāˈ [key], 1764–1811, French poet and dramatist, b. Constantinople; brother of André Chénier. A member of the Convention, the Council of Five Hundred, and the Tribun...

Cyzicus

(Encyclopedia)Cyzicus sĭzˈĭkəs [key], ancient city, NW Turkey, at the neck of the Cyzicus Peninsula. Strategically located, it rivaled Byzantium in commercial importance. Founded (756 b.c.) by Greek colonists f...

Eustathius

(Encyclopedia)Eustathius, d. c.1194, Byzantine scholar, archbishop of Salonica (from 1175). He became renowned as master of the orators at Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, then a center of learning. He lectured on Hom...

Urquhart, David

(Encyclopedia)Urquhart, David ûrˈkərt [key], 1805–77, British diplomat and writer. He served (1831–37) in various diplomatic capacities in Constantinople but was recalled because of his hostility to Russia. ...

Üsküdar

(Encyclopedia)Üsküdar sko͞oˈtərē [key], urban district, part of İstanbul, Turkey, on the Asian side of the Bosporus. It is a commercial and industrial center. Known as Chrysopolis in ancient times, it enjoye...

Vambery, Arminius

(Encyclopedia)Vambery, Arminius or Hermann ärˈmĭn [key], 1832–1913, Hungarian philologist and traveler. In Constantinople (1857–63) he learned several languages and dialects of Asia Minor and then traveled t...

Apollinarianism

(Encyclopedia)Apollinarianism əpŏlĭnârˈēənĭzəm [key], heretical doctrine taught by Apollinaris or Apollinarius (c.315–c.390), bishop of Laodicea, near Antioch. A celebrated scholar and teacher, author of...

Athanaric

(Encyclopedia)Athanaric əthănˈərĭk [key], d. 381, Visigothic chieftain. He led the Visigoths against Emperor Valens and negotiated a favorable peace in 369. A pagan, he persecuted the Christians, and, possibly...

Rangabe, Alexandros Rizos

(Encyclopedia)Rangabe or Rhangavis, Alexandros Rizos älĕkˈsänᵺrôs rēˈzôs räNgäbāˈ, rängˌgävēsˈ [key], 1810–92, Greek scholar, author, and diplomat, b. Constantinople. After 1831 he held governm...