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Berkeley, John, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton

(Encyclopedia)Berkeley, John, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, 1602–78, English army officer and courtier. A royalist, he fought in numerous engagements in the English civil war and later, through association with...

Barclay, Robert

(Encyclopedia)Barclay, Robert, 1648–90, Scottish apologist for the Society of Friends (Quakers). He wrote many controversial works but is best known for his great treatise An Apology for the True Christian Divini...

Albert II, Holy Roman Emperor

(Encyclopedia)Albert II, 1397–1439, Holy Roman Emperor, king of Hungary and Bohemia (1438–39), duke of Austria (1404–38). He was the son-in-law of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, whom he aided against the Hussi...

Chambord

(Encyclopedia)Chambord, château, park, and village (1993 est. pop. 200), all owned by the state, in Loir-et-Cher dept., N central France. The huge Renaissance château, built by Francis I and set in an immense par...

Absalon

(Encyclopedia)Absalon äkˈsəl [key], c.1128–1201, Danish churchman, archbishop of Lund (1178–1201). He had great influence on political affairs under Waldemar I and Canute VI, warred against the pagan Wends, ...

Frederick Augustus I, 1750–1827, king and elector of Saxony

(Encyclopedia)Frederick Augustus I, 1750–1827, king (1806–27) and elector (1763–1806) of Saxony, grand duke of Warsaw (1807–14). He sided with the allies in the French Revolutionary Wars and joined Prussia ...

Guimarães

(Encyclopedia)Guimarães gēməräNshˈ [key], city (1991 est. pop. 48,200), Braga dist., NW Portugal, in Minho. It has textile and cutlery manufactures, but its main importance is historical. The town was the seat...

Flémal, Bertholet

(Encyclopedia)Flémal, Bertholet bĕrtōlĕˈ flāmälˈ [key], 1614–75, Flemish painter of mythological and religious subjects. He went to Italy in 1638 and worked in Florence for the Grand Duke Ferdinand III. R...

Jarosław

(Encyclopedia)Jarosław yärôˈsläf [key], town (1994 est. pop. 42,500), Podkarpackie prov., SE Poland, on the San River. The town was founded by Yaroslav the Wise, duke of Kiev, in the 11th cent. It passed to Po...

Paxton, Sir Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Paxton, Sir Joseph, 1803–65, English architect, noted for his use of glass and iron in a proto-modern manner. Beginning his career as a gardener and estate manager, he then built two greenhouses at ...