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Patinir, Joachim de

(Encyclopedia)Patinir, Patenier, or Patiner, Joachim de all: yōˈäkhĭm də pätĭnērˈ [key], d. 1524, Flemish landscape and religious painter. He probably studied with Gerard David in Bruges. In 1515 he was a ...

Burckhardt, Johann Ludwig

(Encyclopedia)Burckhardt, Johann Ludwig or John Lewis bo͝orkˈhärt [key], 1784–1817, European explorer, b. Switzerland, educated in Germany. Supported by an English association for promoting African discovery,...

Selim III

(Encyclopedia)Selim III, 1761–1808, Ottoman sultan (1789–1807), nephew and successor of Abd al-Hamid I to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey). He suffered severe defeats in the second of the Russo-Turkish...

Migdol

(Encyclopedia)Migdol mĭgˈdŏl [key], in the Bible. 1 Place near which the Israelites crossed the Red Sea. 2 City, Egypt, where Jews lived. It is the modern Tall al Hayr, S of Pelusium. ...

Athenaeus

(Encyclopedia)Athenaeus ăthˌənēˈəs [key], fl. c.200, Greek writer, b. Naucratis, Egypt. His anthological work, the Deipnosophistae (Banquet of the Sophists), is a collection of anecdotes and excerpts from anc...

Shibin el Kom

(Encyclopedia)Shibin el Kom shĭbēnˈ ĕl ko͝om [key], city (1986 pop. 132,209), capital of Munufiyah governorate, N Egypt, in the Nile River delta. It is an agricultural market and a cotton-processing center. ...

Pithom

(Encyclopedia)Pithom pīˈthŏm [key], in the Bible, the ancient treasure city of Egypt, in the eastern part of the Nile delta, built by the Israelites for the pharaoh. Ruins include walls of storage chambers. ...

Mahfouz, Naguib

(Encyclopedia)Mahfouz, Naguib nəgēbˈ mäkhfo͞osˈ [key], 1911–2006, Egyptian novelist and short-story writer, b. Cairo. After his graduation (1934) from Cairo Univ., he worked in various government ministries...

Iron Age

(Encyclopedia)Iron Age, period in the development of industry that begins with the general use of iron and continues into modern times. In Asia, Egypt, and Europe it was preceded by the Bronze Age. It did not begin...

Melchites

(Encyclopedia)Melchites or Melkites both: mĕlˈkīts [key], members of a Christian community in the Levant and the Americas, mainly Arabic-speaking and numbering about 250,000. They are in communion with the pope ...