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Dufferin and Ava, Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st marquess of

(Encyclopedia)Dufferin and Ava, Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st marquess of dŭfˈərĭn, äˈvə, āˈvə [key], 1826–1902, British diplomat. He served on numerous missions abroad, as governor-ge...

Tanis

(Encyclopedia)Tanis tāˈnĭs [key], ancient city of Egypt, in the eastern delta of the Nile. It is identified with the Hyksos capital, Avaris (XII dynasty), and is called Zoan in the Bible. It was a significant ci...

Zaghlul Pasha, Saad

(Encyclopedia)Zaghlul Pasha, Saad säd zäglo͞olˈ päshäˈ [key], c.1850–1927, Egyptian nationalist leader, founder of the Wafd party. He suffered both arrest (1882) and exile (1919) for his attempts to end fo...

Carter, Howard

(Encyclopedia)Carter, Howard, 1874–1939, English Egyptologist. He served (1891–99) with the Egyptian Exploration Fund and later helped to reorganize the antiquities administration for the Egyptian government. C...

Mahmud II

(Encyclopedia)Mahmud II, 1784–1839, Ottoman sultan (1808–39), younger son of Abd al-Hamid I. He was raised to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) upon the deposition of his brother, Mustafa IV, and contin...

Fatimid

(Encyclopedia)Fatimid –ĭmīt [key], dynasty claiming to hold the caliphate on the basis of descent from Fatima, a daughter of Muhammad the Prophet. In doctrine the Fatimids were related to other Shiite sects. Th...

Arab Spring

(Encyclopedia)Arab Spring, in modern North African and Middle Eastern history, antigovernment demonstrations and uprisings that, from late 2010, swept many of the regions' Arab nations. Arising in large part in rea...

Lloyd, Seton Howard Frederick

(Encyclopedia)Lloyd, Seton Howard Frederick, 1902–96, English archaeologist. Trained originally as an architect, he gained his first archaeological experience in 1928 as a member of the Egypt Exploration Society'...

Moeris

(Encyclopedia)Moeris mērˈĭs [key], ancient name of Lake Karun (Arab. Birket Qarun), c.90 sq mi (230 sq km), NE Egypt, in El Faiyum. The size of the lake is much reduced from that described by ancient travelers, ...

Kléber, Jean Baptiste

(Encyclopedia)Kléber, Jean Baptiste zhäN bätēstˈ klābĕrˈ [key], 1753–1800, French general, b. Strasbourg. A trained architect, he attended military school in Munich and served in the Austrian army from 17...