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Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich

(Encyclopedia)Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, 1743–1819, German philosopher. Although educated for commerce, he early gave up business and became in 1770 a member of the council for the duchies of Berg and Jülich. A...

Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig

(Encyclopedia)Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig frēˈdrĭkh lo͞otˈvĭkh yän [key], 1778–1852, German patriot. A high school teacher in Berlin, he was active in efforts to free Germany from Napoleonic rule. He organized ...

Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph

(Encyclopedia)Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph frēˈdrĭkh krĭsˈtôf dälˈmän [key], 1785–1860, German historian. He was dismissed from his professorship at Göttingen for protesting (1837) the abrogation of th...

Schiller, Friedrich von

(Encyclopedia)Schiller, Friedrich von, 1759–1805, German dramatist, poet, and historian, one of the greatest of German literary figures, b. Marbach, Württemberg. The poets of German romanticism were strongly inf...

Schinkel, Karl Friedrich

(Encyclopedia)Schinkel, Karl Friedrich kärl frēˈdrĭkh shĭngˈkəl [key], 1781–1841, German architect and painter. A member of the Berlin Academy, he became a professor in 1820. He also worked in lithography,...

Schlegel, Friedrich von

(Encyclopedia)Schlegel, Friedrich von fən shlāˈgəl [key], 1772–1829, German philosopher, critic, and writer, most prominent of the founders of German romanticism. Educated in law at Göttingen and Leipzig, h...

Schröder, Friedrich Ludwig

(Encyclopedia)Schröder, Friedrich Ludwig frēˈdrĭkh lo͞otˈvĭkh shröˈdər [key], 1744–1816, German actor, manager, and dramatist. He introduced Shakespeare in Germany. The son of actors, Schröder had a di...

Raiffeisen, Friedrich Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia)Raiffeisen, Friedrich Wilhelm frēˈdrĭkh vĭlˈhĕlm rīfˈīˌzən [key], 1818–88, German leader in the cooperative movement. Between 1845 and 1865 he was mayor of several German towns. After the...

Paneth, Friedrich Adolf

(Encyclopedia)Paneth, Friedrich Adolf frēˈdrĭkh äˈdôlf päˈnĕt [key], 1887–1958, Austrian chemist. He was educated at Vienna, Munich, and Glasgow. He held a number of teaching posts in Germany until he wa...

Overbeck, Johann Friedrich

(Encyclopedia)Overbeck, Johann Friedrich yōˈhän frēˈdrĭkh oˈvərbĕk [key], 1789–1869, German religious painter. Expelled from the Vienna Academy because of his opposition to its classicism, he went to Rom...