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Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

(Encyclopedia)Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), physical science research center located near Batavia, Ill., est. 1968 as the National Accelerator Laboratory, renamed 1974 in honor of Enrico Fermi. ...

Tomonaga, Sinichiro

(Encyclopedia)Tomonaga, Sinichiro or Sin-Itiro, 1906–79, Japanese physicist, Ph.D. Kyoto Imperial Univ., 1939. He was a professor at Bunrika Univ. (now Tokyo Univ. of Education) from 1941 to 1956, then served pre...

Avogadro, Amedeo, conte di Quaregna

(Encyclopedia)Avogadro, Amedeo, conte di Quaregna ämādāˈō kônˈtā dē kwärāˈnyä ävōgäˈdrō [key], 1776–1856, Italian physicist, b. Turin. He became professor of physics at the Univ. of Turin in 182...

van der Meer, Simon

(Encyclopedia)van der Meer, Simon, 1925–2011, Dutch physical engineer. He spent nearly his entire career at CERN, where he did his most important work with Carlo Rubbia. They discovered the W and Z particles, whi...

strong interactions

(Encyclopedia)strong interactions, actions between elementary particles mediated, or carried, by gluons. They are responsible for the binding of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and interactions between quarks. ...

entasis

(Encyclopedia)entasis ĕnˈtəsĭs [key] [Gr.,=stretching], the slight convex curvature of a classical column that diminishes in diameter as it rises. This device, as used by Greek builders, was of extreme subtlety...

Rufinus

(Encyclopedia)Rufinus ro͞ofīˈnəs [key], d. 395, Roman statesman, minister of Theodosius I and Arcadius. After Theodosius' death (395) he virtually ruled the Eastern Empire for Arcadius, but his attempt to marry...

Warton, Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Warton, Joseph, 1722–1800, English critic and poet, brother of Thomas Warton. Educated at Winchester and Oxford, he took holy orders in 1744 and served several cures. He spent an unsuccessful tenure...

cast-iron architecture

(Encyclopedia)cast-iron architecture, a term used to designate buildings that incorporate cast iron for structural and/or decorative purposes. After 1800 cast-iron supports were exploited as an alternative to mason...

Young, Edward

(Encyclopedia)Young, Edward, 1683–1765, English poet and dramatist. After a disappointing political life he took holy orders about 1724, serving for a time as the royal chaplain before becoming rector of Welwyn i...