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Turati, Filippo

(Encyclopedia)Turati, Filippo, 1857–1932, Italian political leader. An advocate of a moderate, nonviolent form of socialism, Turati cofounded the Italian Socialist party in 1892. In 1926, threatened by the growin...

Leoncavallo, Ruggiero

(Encyclopedia)Leoncavallo, Ruggiero ro͞od-jāˈrō lāˌōnkävälˈlō [key], 1857–1919, Italian composer. The opera Pagliacci (1892), his one outstanding success, is a classic example of Italian verismo, or re...

Martinelli, Giovanni

(Encyclopedia)Martinelli, Giovanni jōvänˈnē märtēnĕlˈlē [key], 1885–1969, Italian-American operatic tenor. He made his debut in Milan in 1910 and sang (1913–46) at the Metropolitan Opera. His repertoir...

Festa, Costanzo

(Encyclopedia)Festa, Costanzo kōstänˈtsō fĕsˈtä [key], c.1490–1545, Italian composer. An early madrigalist, Festa combined Flemish and Italian influences in his works and in turn influenced Palestrina. His...

Minghetti, Marco

(Encyclopedia)Minghetti, Marco märˈkō mēngĕtˈtē [key], 1818–86, Italian political leader. A former papal minister, Minghetti—a liberal conservative—became a supporter of Italian unification as a result...

Togliatti, Palmiro

(Encyclopedia)Togliatti, Palmiro pälmēˈrō tōlyätˈtē [key], 1893–1964, Italian Communist leader. A lawyer, he helped found the Italian Communist party in 1921. He lived in Moscow for many years after the F...

Gioberti, Vincenzo

(Encyclopedia)Gioberti, Vincenzo vēnchānˈtsō jōbĕrˈtē [key], 1801–52, Italian philosopher and political writer, b. Turin. Ordained (1825) a priest, he went into exile (1833–48) in Paris and Brussels bec...

D'Alema, Massimo

(Encyclopedia)D'Alema, Massimo mäsˈsēmōˌ dälāˈmä [key], 1949–, Italian politician, premier (1998–2000) of Italy. A member of the Italian Communist party (PCI) since 1968, he worked as a journalist and ...

De Gasperi, Alcide

(Encyclopedia)De Gasperi, Alcide älchēˈdā dā gäˈspārē [key], 1881–1954, Italian premier and a founder of the Christian Democratic party. Born in the Trentino—then under Austria—he represented Italian...

Modestinus, Herennius

(Encyclopedia)Modestinus, Herennius hərĕnˈēəs mŏdəstīˈnəs [key], fl. c.a.d. 250, Roman jurist; student of Ulpian. Under the Roman Empire he was one of the five jurists, including Papinian, whose views wer...