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Benno, Saint

(Encyclopedia)Benno, Saint, d. 1106, German prelate. He was bishop of Meissen and an ardent supporter of Pope Gregory VII against Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, and the emperor had him deposed. He was reinstated on G...

Maupeou, René Nicolas de

(Encyclopedia)Maupeou, René Nicolas de rənāˈ nēkôläˈ də mōpo͞oˈ [key], 1714–92, chancellor of France (1768–74). He was president of the parlement of Paris before he succeeded his father as chancello...

Calixtus II

(Encyclopedia)Calixtus II, Callixtus II, or Callistus II, d. 1124, pope (1119–24), named Guy of Burgundy, successor of Gelasius II. The son of count William I of Burgundy, he was archbishop of Vienne during the ...

Rambouillet

(Encyclopedia)Rambouillet, town (1990 pop. 25,293), Yvelines dept., N France. It is a summer resort in the heart of a magnificent forest. Sheep are raised, and radio equipment and plastics are made. The nearby châ...

Schism, Great

(Encyclopedia)Schism, Great, or Schism of the West, division in the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417. There was no question of faith or practice involved; the schism was a matter of persons and politics. Sho...

Louis XVII, titular king of France

(Encyclopedia)Louis XVII (Louis Charles), 1785–1795?, titular king of France (1793–95), known in popular legend as the “lost dauphin.” The second son of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, he became ...

Nazianzen

(Encyclopedia)Nazianzen: see Gregory Nazianzen, Saint. ...

Ladislaus I, king of Hungary

(Encyclopedia)Ladislaus I or Saint Ladislaus lädˈĭslousˌ [key], 1040–95, king of Hungary (1077–95). He supported Pope Gregory VII against Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, but rejected Gregory's suggestion that ...

Innocent V

(Encyclopedia)Innocent V, d. 1276, pope (1276), a Savoyard named Peter of Tarentaise; successor of Gregory X. He was a Dominican and studied at Paris under St. Thomas Aquinas and St. Albertus Magnus. He became an e...

García Icazbalceta, Joaquín

(Encyclopedia)García Icazbalceta, Joaquín hwäkēnˈ gärsēˈä ēkäsbälsāˈtä [key], 1824–94, Mexican philologist, bibliographer, and historian. He edited the works of many early Mexican writers, compiled...