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Garnier, Marie Joseph François

(Encyclopedia)Garnier, Marie Joseph François gärnyāˈ [key], 1839–73, French explorer and naval officer, usually known as Francis Garnier. He served (1860–62) against Annam and China, then in the administra...

Le Pen, Jean-Marie

(Encyclopedia)Le Pen, Jean-Marie zhŏnˌ-märēˈ lə pĕn, pŏN [key], 1928–, French politician. He graduated from law school, was elected (1956) a parliamentary deputy, and criticized President de Gaulle's Alge...

Mangin, Charles Marie Emmanuel

(Encyclopedia)Mangin, Charles Marie Emmanuel shärl märēˈ ĕmänüĕlˈ mäNzhăNˈ [key], 1866–1925, French general. A graduate of Saint-Cyr, he served in the Sudan under Jean Marchand and in French North Afr...

Marie de l'Incarnation

(Encyclopedia)Marie de l'Incarnation də lăNkärnäsyôNˈ [key], 1599–1672, French missionary. Her name was originally Marie Guyard. She was married in her youth and bore a son; when her son was 12 years old, h...

Mignet, François Auguste Marie

(Encyclopedia)Mignet, François Auguste Marie fräNswäˈ ôgüstˈ märēˈ mēnyāˈ [key], 1796–1884, French historian and journalist. With his lifelong friend, Adolphe Thiers, Mignet edited the National, a po...

Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore

(Encyclopedia)Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore mäksēmēlyăNˈ märēˈ ēzēdôrˈ rôbĕspyĕrˈ [key], 1758–94, one of the leading figures of the French Revolution. The law of 22 Prairial (June 10) ...

Bichat, Marie François Xavier

(Encyclopedia)Bichat, Marie François Xavier märēˈ fräNswäˈ zävyāˈ bēshäˈ [key], 1771–1802, French anatomist and physiologist. He studied the tissues, giving them that name and classifying them into 2...

Sault Sainte Marie Canals

(Encyclopedia)Sault Sainte Marie Canals, two ship canals bypassing the rapids on the St. Marys River between Lake Superior and Lake Huron, at the cities of Sault Ste Marie, Mich. and Ont. The Canadian canal (1.4 mi...

Portalis, Jean Étienne Marie

(Encyclopedia)Portalis, Jean Étienne Marie zhäN ātyĕnˈ märēˈ pôrtälēsˈ [key], 1746–1807, French statesman and lawyer. A moderate, he was suspected of royalist sympathies during the French Revolution b...

Raffet, Denis Auguste Marie

(Encyclopedia)Raffet, Denis Auguste Marie dənēˈ ōgüstˈ märēˈ räfāˈ [key], 1804–60, French lithographer and illustrator; student of Charlet and of Gros. He attained an individual style in his series de...