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Bonnat, Léon Joseph Florentin

(Encyclopedia)Bonnat, Léon Joseph Florentin lāôNˈ zhôzĕfˈ flôräNtăNˈ bônäˈ [key], 1833–c.1922, French portrait and historical painter. He is best known for his portraits of famous men, including Thi...

Salzburg Festival

(Encyclopedia)Salzburg Festival, annual festival of music and drama held in Salzburg, Austria, for five weeks starting in late July. The festival may be considered a descendant of the Salzburg Music Festival Weeks ...

Krüdener, Juliana, Baroness von

(Encyclopedia)Krüdener, Juliana, Baroness von fən krüdˈənər [key], 1764–1824, Russian novelist and mystic. Born a Livonian aristocrat, she married a Russian diplomat. She left her husband (1801) for the ple...

Krusenstern, Adam Johann von

(Encyclopedia)Krusenstern, Adam Johann von äˈdäm yōˈhän fən kro͞oˈzənshtĕrn [key], 1770–1846, Russian navigator. From 1803 to 1806 he circumnavigated the globe. Although the voyage was undertaken to st...

Lettow-Vorbeck, Paul von

(Encyclopedia)Lettow-Vorbeck, Paul von poul fən lĕtˈō-fôrˈbĕk [key], 1870–1964, German general. In World War I he conducted a brilliant defense of German East Africa against vastly superior Allied power. ...

Logau, Friedrich, Freiherr von

(Encyclopedia)Logau, Friedrich, Freiherr von frēˈdrĭkh frīˈhĕr fən lōˈgou [key], 1604–55, German poet, b. Silesia. Influenced by Martin Opitz, Logau wrote epigrams in the contemporary fashion, bringing a...

Lohenstein, Daniel Caspar von

(Encyclopedia)Lohenstein, Daniel Caspar von däˈnēĕl käsˈpär fən lōˈənshtīn [key], 1635–83, German dramatist, novelist, and poet. Lohenstein is credited with having created baroque tragedy in Germany. ...

Luckner, Felix, Graf von

(Encyclopedia)Luckner, Felix, Graf von fāˈlĭks gräf fən lo͝okˈnər [key], 1886–1966, German naval officer. In World War I he commanded (1916–17) the commerce raider Seeadler. Luckner slipped through the ...

Lützow, Adolf, Freiherr von

(Encyclopedia)Lützow, Adolf, Freiherr von äˈdôlf frīˈhĕr fən lüˈtsō [key], 1782–1834, Prussian officer. He commanded (1813–14) a volunteer corps, the Black Troops (or Black Rifles), in the War of Lib...

Liebig, Justus, Baron von

(Encyclopedia)Liebig, Justus, Baron von yo͝osˈto͝os bärônˈ fən lēˈbĭkh [key], 1803–73, German chemist. As professor at Giessen (1824–52), he was among the first to establish a chemical teaching labora...