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Italian East Africa

(Encyclopedia)Italian East Africa, former federation of the Italian colonies of Eritrea and Italian Somaliland and the kingdom of Ethiopia. The federation was formed (1936) to consolidate the administration of the ...

Izetbegović, Alija

(Encyclopedia)Izetbegović, Alija, 1925–2003, Bosnian political leader. As a Muslim nationalist in what was then part of Communist Yugoslavia, he served time in prison (1946–49, 1983–88). After helping to fou...

Anderson, John

(Encyclopedia)Anderson, John, 1893–1962, Scottish-Australian philosopher, b. Scotland. A graduate of the Univ. of Glasgow, he taught (1918–27) at the universities of Cardiff, Glasgow, and Edinburgh before becom...

Mintoff, Dominic

(Encyclopedia)Mintoff, Dominic, 1916–2012, Maltese political leader, prime minister of Malta (1955–58, 1971–84). An architect and engineer, he was educated at the Univ. of Malta and Oxford. He joined the Labo...

Kanaris, Constantine

(Encyclopedia)Kanaris, Constantine känäˈrĭs [key], 1790–1877, Greek patriot, admiral, and politician. He distinguished himself in the Greek War of Independence, notably at Tenedos, where he destroyed (1822) t...

Tskhinvali

(Encyclopedia)Tskhinvali tskhĭnˈvälĭ [key], city (1989 pop. 42,934), capital of South Ossetia, a region of N Georgia that has had de facto independence since the 1990s. The city has lumber mills and electrical ...

Wyspiański, Stanisław

(Encyclopedia)Wyspiański, Stanisław stänēsˈläf vĭspyäˈnyəskē [key], 1869–1907, Polish poet, dramatist, and painter. As a painter Wyspiański created numerous murals, stained-glass windows, and theatric...

Björnsson, Sveinn

(Encyclopedia)Björnsson, Sveinn svān byörnˈsôn [key], 1881–1952, Icelandic diplomat and political leader, first president of Iceland (1944–52). A distinguished lawyer, he was elected to the Althing (Icelan...

Smetona, Antanas

(Encyclopedia)Smetona, Antanas äntäˈnäs smĕˈtōnä [key], 1874–1944, Lithuanian dictator. A lawyer, he became a leader of the Lithuanian autonomists under the czarist regime. He was provisional president (1...

Strickland, William

(Encyclopedia)Strickland, William, 1788–1854, American architect of the classic revival, b. Navesink, New Jersey. He studied under B. H. Latrobe. In his buildings Strickland sought to reconcile the proportions of...