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Ituraea

(Encyclopedia)Ituraea ĭtyo͝orēˈə [key], ancient country on the northern border of Palestine. According to tradition, Jetur, the son of Ishmael, was its founder. Ancient geographers are not agreed as to the exa...

Janša, Janez

(Encyclopedia)Janša, Janez, 1958–, Slovenian political leader, prime minister of Slovenia (2004–08, 2012–13, 2020–). Working as a journalist and computer programmer, he wrote articles in the 1980s that wer...

Jelgava

(Encyclopedia)Jelgava yĕlˈgävä [key], also Yelgava, Ger. Mitau, city (2011 provisional pop. 59,449), in Latvia, on the Lielupe River. It is a major rail hub and a trade center for grain and timber. The city gre...

Dongola

(Encyclopedia)Dongola dŏngˈgələ [key], region, part of Northern state, Sudan. Old Dongola, c.75 mi (120 km) south of the present city of Dongola, was the capital of the Christian kingdom of Makurra or Nubia. It...

Douglas, Sir James de, lord of Douglas

(Encyclopedia)Douglas, Sir James de, lord of Douglas, 1286?–1330, Scottish nobleman, called the Black Douglas and Douglas the Good; eldest son of William de Douglas, lord of Douglas. In the war of independence ag...

Guebuza, Armando Emílio

(Encyclopedia)Guebuza, Armando Emílio ärmänˈdo͞o əmēˈlyo͝o gābo͞oˈzä [key], 1943–, Mozambican business executive and politician, president of Mozambique (2005–15). A longtime supporter of the indep...

Gürsel, Cemal

(Encyclopedia)Gürsel, Cemal jĕmälˈ gürsĕlˈ [key], 1895–1966, Turkish army officer and political leader. He fought in World War I and in most of the military campaigns during the war of independence (1920�...

Gusmão, Xanana

(Encyclopedia)Gusmão, Xanana), 1946–, East Timorese independence leader, b. Portuguese Timor as José Alexandre Gusmão, later known as Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão. He served in the Portuguese army (1968–71), then...

John IV, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia)John IV, 1604–56, king of Portugal (1640–56). He succeeded as duke of Braganza in 1630. Descended from Manuel I and in illegitimate line from John I, he had the strongest claim to the Portuguese t...

Kirkuk

(Encyclopedia)Kirkuk kĭrko͞okˈ [key], city (1987 pop. 418,624), NE Iraq. It is a center of Iraq's oil industry and is connected by pipelines to ports on the Mediterranean Sea. Kirkuk is a market for the region's...