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Peter I, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia)Peter I, 1320–67, king of Portugal (1357–67), son and successor of Alfonso IV. He married (1336) Constance Manuel, a Castilian noblewoman, but subsequently fell in love with one of her ladies in w...

Ivan the Terrible

(Encyclopedia)Ivan the Terrible: see Ivan IV.

Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo

(Encyclopedia)Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo or Gianlorenzo jōvänˈnē lōrĕnˈtsō, jänlōrĕnˈtsō bĕrnēˈnē [key], 1598–1680, Italian sculptor and architect, b. Naples. He was the dominant figure of the Ita...

Alexander III, pope

(Encyclopedia)Alexander III, d. 1181, pope (1159–81), a Sienese named Rolandus [Bandinelli?], successor of Adrian IV. He was a canonist who had studied law under Gratian and had taught at Bologna. He came to Rome...

Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc de

(Encyclopedia)Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, duc de sülēˈ [key], 1560–1641, French statesman. Born and reared a Protestant, he fought in the Wars of Religion under the Huguenot leader Henry of Navarre (later ...

Bolingbroke, Henry of

(Encyclopedia)Bolingbroke, Henry of: see Henry IV (England). ...

Louis d'Outremer

(Encyclopedia)Louis d'Outremer: see Louis IV, French king. ...

Henry of Navarre

(Encyclopedia)Henry of Navarre: see Henry IV, king of France. ...

Louis the Bavarian

(Encyclopedia)Louis the Bavarian: see Louis IV, Holy Roman emperor. ...

Philip the Fair

(Encyclopedia)Philip the Fair: see Philip IV, king of France. ...