Columbia Encyclopedia

Search results

500 results found

Gramsci, Antonio

(Encyclopedia)Gramsci, Antonio antônˈyô grämˈshē [key], 1891–1937, Italian political leader and theoretician. Originally a member of the Socialist party and a cofounder (1919) of the left-wing paper L'Ordin...

Duclos, Jacques

(Encyclopedia)Duclos, Jacques zhäk düklōˈ [key], 1896–1975, French Communist party leader. Early in his career he joined the French Communist party and in 1931 became party secretary and a member of the polit...

Grybauskaite, Dalia

(Encyclopedia)Grybauskaite, Dalia, 1956–, Lithuanian politician, president of Lithuania (2009–14). A member of the Communist party of the Soviet Union (1983–89) and the Communist party of Lithuania (1989–90...

Stoltenberg, Jens

(Encyclopedia)Stoltenberg, Jens yĕns stōlˈtĕnbĕrk [key], 1959–, Norwegian political leader, b. Oslo. An economist, he graduated (1987) from the Univ. of Oslo and taught (1989–90) there. A member of the Lab...

Linh, Nguyen Van

(Encyclopedia)Linh, Nguyen Van nəwēˈĕn vän lĭn [key], 1915–98, Vietnamese political leader, b. near Hanoi as Nguyen Van Cuc. As a young man he was active in organizing Vietnam's Communist party and was twic...

Modrow, Hans

(Encyclopedia)Modrow, Hans hänz môdˈrō [key], 1928–2023, German politician. He served in the German Army, ...

Lafontaine, Oskar

(Encyclopedia)Lafontaine, Oskar, 1943–, German politician. He rose through the Social Democrat Party (SPD) and electoral ranks in the Saar, becoming SPD regional chairman in 1977 and premier of the Saar in 1985. ...

Malenkov, Georgi Maksimilianovich

(Encyclopedia)Malenkov, Georgi Maksimilianovich gāôrˈgē mäksĭmĭlyäˈnəvĭch məlyĭnkôfˈ [key], 1902–88, Soviet Communist leader. He rose to prominence through the party secretariat and was a trusted a...

Rocard, Michel Louis Léon

(Encyclopedia)Rocard, Michel Louis Léon, 1930–2016, French political leader. After studying at the École Nationale d'Administration and the Institut d'Études Politiques, he joined the civil service. He led the...

Roehm, Ernst

(Encyclopedia)Roehm or Röhm, Ernst both: ĕrnst röm [key], 1887–1934, German National Socialist leader. An army officer in World War I, he met (1919) Adolf Hitler, whose political career he helped to launch. Ro...