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Murad III

(Encyclopedia)Murad III, 1546–95, Ottoman sultan (1574–95), son and successor of Selim II. He was dominated by his harem, and although his generals were successful against Persia, his reign marked the beginning...

Tippoo Sahib

(Encyclopedia)Tippoo Sahib or Tipu Sahib both: tĭpˈo͞o säˈhĭb [key], 1749–99, Indian ruler, sultan of Mysore (1782–99); son and successor of Haidar Ali. He fought in his father's campaigns against the Mar...

Caillaux, Joseph

(Encyclopedia)Caillaux, Joseph zhôzĕfˈ kāyōˈ [key], 1863–1944, French statesman. Son of a former cabinet minister, he entered the French civil service as inspector of finance. He later became finance minist...

Roxelana

(Encyclopedia)Roxelana: see Sulayman I, Ottoman sultan. ...

Beyazid

(Encyclopedia)Beyazid, 1612–1638?, Ottoman prince; brother of Sultan Murad IV. Considering Beyazid a dangerous rival, Murad ordered his execution. Beyazid's death is treated in Jean Racine's tragedy, Bajazet (167...

Tipu Sahib

(Encyclopedia)Tipu Sahib or Tipu Sultan: see Tippoo Sahib. ...

Sebastian

(Encyclopedia)Sebastian, 1554–78, king of Portugal (1557–78), grandson and successor of John III. He was under the regency first of his grandmother (until 1562) and then of his uncle Henry (a cardinal and later...

Tanzimat

(Encyclopedia)Tanzimat tänˈzēmät [key], [Turk.,=reorganization], the name referring to a period of modernizing reforms instituted under the Ottoman Empire from 1839 to 1876. In 1839, under the rule of Sultan Ab...

Ternate

(Encyclopedia)Ternate tĕrnäˈtā [key], volcanic island (c.40 sq mi/100 sq km), E Indonesia, in the Molucca Sea, one of the Moluccas. Forested and mountainous, the nearly conical Ternate rises to the summit of Ga...

Hasting

(Encyclopedia)Hasting hāˈstĭng [key], fl. last half of 9th cent., leader of the Vikings, called Hasting the Pirate. He ravaged the coasts of France, Spain, and Italy, went into Morocco, plundered in the south of...