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Hoffmann, Jules Alphonse

(Encyclopedia)Hoffmann, Jules Alphonse, 1941–, French biologist, Ph.D. Univ. of Strasbourg, 1969. Hoffmann was a researcher at the French National Center for Scientific Research, Strasbourg, from 1974 to 2009. In...

Bache, Jules Semon

(Encyclopedia)Bache, Jules Semon, 1861–1944, American banker and art collector, b. New York City. He made an immense fortune on Wall St., organized the banking firm of J. S. Bache and Company, and was director of...

Mansart, Jules Hardouin

(Encyclopedia)Mansart or Mansard, Jules Hardouin mäNsärˈ [key], 1646–1708, French architect. He studied under his great-uncle François Mansart and under Libéral Bruant. Favored by Louis XIV, he was ennobled...

Poincaré, Jules Henri

(Encyclopedia)Poincaré, Jules Henri zhül äNrēˈ pwăNkärāˈ [key], 1854–1912, French mathematician, physicist, and author. He was from 1881 connected with the faculty of sciences at the Univ. of Paris. One ...

Cambon, Jules Martin

(Encyclopedia)Cambon, Jules Martin zhül märtăNˈ käNbôNˈ [key], 1845–1935, French diplomat; brother of Pierre Paul Cambon. He served (1891–96) as governor-general of Algeria, where he pursued a conciliato...

Trochu, Louis Jules

(Encyclopedia)Trochu, Louis Jules lwē zhül trôshüˈ [key], 1815–96, French general. He fought in Algeria, in the Crimean War, and in the Italian war of 1859. In L'Armée française en 1867 (1867), he criticiz...

Carnot, Sadi

(Encyclopedia)Carnot, Sadi kärnōˈ [key], 1837–94, French statesman, president of the Third Republic (1887–94); son of Hippolyte Carnot. As minister of public works (1880–85) and of finance (1886), he rema...

Schlegel, August Wilhelm von

(Encyclopedia)Schlegel, August Wilhelm von ouˈgo͝ost vĭlˈhĕlm fən shlāˈgəl [key], 1767–1845, German scholar and poet. With his brother, Friedrich von Schlegel, he founded the Athenaeum, which he edited (...

Fouillée, Alfred Jules Emile

(Encyclopedia)Fouillée, Alfred Jules Emile älfrĕdˈ zhül āmēlˈ fo͞oyāˈ [key], 1838–1912, self-educated French philosopher and sociologist. Until 1875, when he retired, he was a teacher at various French...

Janssen, Pierre Jules César

(Encyclopedia)Janssen, Pierre Jules César pyĕr zhül sāzärˈ zhäNsĕnˈ [key], 1824–1907, French astronomer. In 1857–58, in Peru, he worked on the determination of the magnetic equator; in the Azores (1867...