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Conrad I, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire

(Encyclopedia)Conrad I, d. 918, German king (911–18). As duke of Franconia he distinguished himself by military exploits and in 911 was elected successor to Louis the Child by the Franconian, Saxon, Bavarian, and...

Conrad II, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire

(Encyclopedia)Conrad II, c.990–1039, Holy Roman emperor (1027–39) and German king (1024–39), first of the Salian dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire. With the end of the Saxon line on the death of Henry II, the ...

Schultze, Max Johann Sigismund

(Encyclopedia)Schultze, Max Johann Sigismund mäks yōˈhän zēˈgĭsmo͝ond sho͝olˈtsə [key], 1825–74, German biologist, director of the Anatomical Institute at Bonn from 1859. He established that the cells ...

Tischbein, Johann Heinrich Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia)Tischbein, Johann Heinrich Wilhelm yōˈhän hīnˈrĭkh vĭlˈhĕlm tĭshˈbīn [key], 1751–1829, German classical painter and etcher. He was a popular portrait painter of the German royalty. He al...

Dannecker, Johann Heinrich von

(Encyclopedia)Dannecker, Johann Heinrich von yōˈhän hīnˈrĭkh fən dänˈĕkər [key], 1758–1841, German sculptor. He studied with Pajou in Paris and with Canova in Rome. His art shows a revival of classical...

Herbart, Johann Friedrich

(Encyclopedia)Herbart, Johann Friedrich yōˈhän frēˈdrĭkh hĕrˈbärt [key], 1776–1841, German philosopher and educator. Influenced by Leibniz, Kant, and Fichte, Herbart made many important contributions to ...

Kautsky, Karl Johann

(Encyclopedia)Kautsky, Karl Johann kärl yōˈhän koutˈskē [key], 1854–1938, German-Austrian socialist, b. Prague. A leading figure in the effort to spread Marxist doctrine in Germany, he was the principal dev...

Bach, Johann Sebastian

(Encyclopedia)Bach, Johann Sebastian bäkh [key], 1685–1750, German composer and organist, b. Eisenach; one of the greatest and most influential composers of the Western world. He brought polyphonic baroque musi...

Bernstorff, Johann Hartwig Ernst

(Encyclopedia)Bernstorff, Johann Hartwig Ernst bĕrnsˈtôrf [key], 1712–72, Danish politician, of German (Hanoverian) origin. As minister of foreign affairs (1751–70) under Frederick V and Christian VII, he s...

Conrad IV, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire

(Encyclopedia)Conrad IV, 1228–54, German king (1237–54), king of Sicily and of Jerusalem (1250–54), son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. He was elected (1237) king of the Romans at his father's instigation...