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Alexander II, king of Scotland

(Encyclopedia)Alexander II, 1198–1249, king of Scotland (1214–49), son and successor of William the Lion. He joined the English barons in their revolt against King John of England in 1215. Though he made his pe...

Crowne, John

(Encyclopedia)Crowne, John, c.1640–c.1703, English playwright. The favorite playwright of Charles II, he is remembered for several rather mediocre comedies. Crowne was influenced by the French tradition, particul...

Vatican Council, Second

(Encyclopedia)Vatican Council, Second, popularly called Vatican II, 1962–65, the 21st ecumenical council (see council, ecumenical) of the Roman Catholic Church, convened by Pope John XXIII and continued under Pau...

Sartre, Jean-Paul

(Encyclopedia)Sartre, Jean-Paul zhäN-pôl särˈtrə [key], 1905–80, French philosopher, playwright, and novelist. Influenced by German philosophy, particularly that of Heidegger, Sartre was a leading exponent o...

Jenkins, Paul

(Encyclopedia)Jenkins, Paul, 1923–2012, American painter, b. Kansas City, Mo., studied Kansas City Art Institute, Art Students League, New York City. After he moved to New York in the 1950s, he became a part of t...

Langevin, Paul

(Encyclopedia)Langevin, Paul läNzhəvăNˈ [key], 1872–1946, French physicist and chemist. He was professor of experimental physics at the Collège de France from 1909 and at the École municipale de Physique e...

Lafargue, Paul

(Encyclopedia)Lafargue, Paul pôl läfärgˈ [key], 1842–1911, French socialist, b. Cuba; son-in-law of Karl Marx. With Jules Guesde he helped found a Marxist socialist party in France. His many writings, which w...

Kruger, Paul

(Encyclopedia)Kruger, Paul (Stephanas Johannes Paulus) kro͞oˈgər, Afrikaans stāfäˈnəs yōhäˈnəs pouˈləs krüˈgər [key], 1825–1904, South African Transvaal statesman, known as Oom Paul. As a child he...

Krugman, Paul

(Encyclopedia)Krugman, Paul kro͞ogˈmən [key], 1953–, American economist, b. Long Island, N.Y., grad. Yale (B.A., 1974), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Ph.D., 1977). A founder of the “new trade theory...

Monroe, Paul

(Encyclopedia)Monroe, Paul, 1869–1947, American educator, b. North Madison, Ind., grad. Franklin College, 1890, Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1897. At Teachers College, Columbia, he was professor of education from 1902...