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Lafargue, Paul

(Encyclopedia)Lafargue, Paul pôl läfärgˈ [key], 1842–1911, French socialist, b. Cuba; son-in-law of Karl Marx. With Jules Guesde he helped found a Marxist socialist party in France. His many writings, which w...

Spitzweg, Carl

(Encyclopedia)Spitzweg, Carl kärl shpĭtsˈvĕk [key], 1808–85, German genre painter and draftsman. Self-taught, he depicted the daily life of his native Munich in small, charming pictures in which realism, fanc...

Conrad, Michael Georg

(Encyclopedia)Conrad, Michael Georg mĭkhˈäĕl gāˈôrk kônˈrät [key], 1846–1927, German critic and novelist. With Karl Bleibtreu, he founded (1885) the journal Gesellschaft as a rallying point for German w...

Welsbach, Carl Auer, Baron von

(Encyclopedia)Welsbach, Carl Auer, Baron von kärl ouˈər bärōnˈ fən vĕlsˈbäkh [key], 1858–1929, Austrian chemist. He discovered the rare earth elements neodymium and praseodymium (1885) and lutetium (c.1...

Payer, Julius von

(Encyclopedia)Payer, Julius von pīˈər [key], 1842–1915, Austrian explorer and painter. While on an expedition (1872–74) to navigate the Northeast Passage with Karl Weyprecht, Payer accidentally found Franz J...

Carr, Edward Hallett

(Encyclopedia)Carr, Edward Hallett, 1892–1982, English political scientist and historian. Educated at Cambridge, he was in the diplomatic service until 1936, professor of international relations (1936–47) at Un...

Schmoller, Gustav

(Encyclopedia)Schmoller, Gustav go͝osˈtäf shmôlˈər [key], 1838–1917, German economist. He was the leader of the younger school of German historical economists, who tried to interrelate economics with the ot...

Reinecke, Carl

(Encyclopedia)Reinecke, Carl kärl rīˈnəkə [key], 1824–1910, German composer, pianist, and conductor. After serving as court pianist (1846–48) in Denmark, he taught at the Cologne Conservatory and the Univ....

existentialism

(Encyclopedia)existentialism ĕgzĭstĕnˈshəlĭzəm, ĕksĭ– [key], any of several philosophic systems, all centered on the individual and his relationship to the universe or to God. Important existentialists o...

Makart, Hans

(Encyclopedia)Makart, Hans häns mäˈkärt [key], 1840–84, Austrian history painter, studied with Karl von Piloty. His early success was phenomenal. The emperor of Austria provided him with a studio, and his sho...