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Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus

(Encyclopedia)Olbers, Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus hīnˈrĭkh vĭlˈhĕlm mätĕˈo͝os ôlˈbərs [key], 1758–1840, German astronomer and physician. He originated (1797) the first satisfactory method for calculat...

Neander, Johann August Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia)Neander, Johann August Wilhelm yōˈhän ouˈgo͝ost vĭlˈhĕlm nāänˈdər [key], 1789–1850, German theologian and church historian. Of Jewish parentage, he became a Lutheran (1806), changing his...

Bothe, Walther Wilhelm Georg

(Encyclopedia)Bothe, Walther Wilhelm Georg, 1891–1957, German physicist, Ph.D. Univ. of Berlin, 1923. Bothe was a researcher at the Reich Physical and Technical Institute (1913–30) and a professor at Heidelberg...

Sommerfeld, Arnold Johannes Wilhelm

(Encyclopedia)Sommerfeld, Arnold Johannes Wilhelm ärˈnōlt yōhänˈəs vĭlˈhĕlm zômˈərfĕlt [key], 1868–1951, German physicist and teacher. He received a Ph.D. at Königsburg Univ. in 1891 and was a prof...

Linnaeus, Carolus

(Encyclopedia)Linnaeus, Carolus kärōˈləs lĭnāˈəs [key], 1707–78, Swedish botanist and taxonomist, considered the founder of the binomial system of nomenclature and the originator of modern scientific clas...

Eschenbach, Christoph

(Encyclopedia)Eschenbach, Christoph, 1940–, German conductor and pianist, b. Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland), as Christoph Ringmann. Orphaned during World War II, he was adopted by Wallydore Eschenbach, h...

Hecker, Friedrich Franz Karl

(Encyclopedia)Hecker, Friedrich Franz Karl frēˈdrĭkh fränts kärl hĕkˈər [key], 1811–81, German revolutionary. A lawyer, he was a leader of the radical republicans in the grand duchy of Baden and during th...

Drude, Paul Karl Ludwig

(Encyclopedia)Drude, Paul Karl Ludwig poul kärl lo͝otˈvĭkh dro͞oˈdə [key], 1863–1906, German physicist. Drude first experimented with the physical determinants of optical constants, measuring the optical c...

Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg

(Encyclopedia)Siegbahn, Karl Manne Georg, 1886–1978, Swedish physicist. In 1913, he began a series of experiments that led to the discovery of the M series of X rays and demonstrated the shell arrangement of elec...

Nesselrode, Karl Robert, Count

(Encyclopedia)Nesselrode, Karl Robert, Count kärl rōˈbĕrt nyĕsĕlrôˈdyĭ [key], 1780–1862, Russian statesman of German descent, b. Lisbon. He entered diplomatic service under Czar Alexander I, became state...