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John III, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia)John III (John the Fortunate), 1502–57, king of Portugal (1521–57), son of Manuel I. His reign saw the Portuguese empire at its apogee. The great Asian possessions were extended by further conques...

Osmeña, Sergio

(Encyclopedia)Osmeña, Sergio sārˈhēō ōsmāˈnyä [key], 1878–1961, Filipino statesman, b. Cebu island. He served as provincial governor of Cebu and as first speaker (1907–22) of the Philippine assembly. A...

Castro, Xiomara

(Encyclopedia)Castro, Xiomara: see under Zelaya Rosales, José Manuel. ...

Charles I, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia)Charles I, 1863–1908, king of Portugal (1889–1908), son and successor of Louis I. A cultured man, learned in language and oceanography, Charles had little opportunity to display his administrative...

Giry, Arthur

(Encyclopedia)Giry, Arthur ärtürˈ zhērēˈ [key], 1848–99, French historian. His Manuel de diplomatique (new ed. 1925) remains a standard work on the scientific study of documents. ...

Palaeologus

(Encyclopedia)Palaeologus pālēŏlˈəgəs [key], Greek dynasty that ruled the Byzantine Empire from its restoration in 1261 to its final conquest by the Turks in 1453. The first emperor was Michael VIII, restorer...

Marchesi, Mathilde

(Encyclopedia)Marchesi, Mathilde mätēlˈdə märkāˈzē [key], 1821–1913, German mezzo-soprano whose maiden name was Graumann; pupil of Manuel García. She was known especially as the teacher of such singers a...

Fournier, Pierre Simon

(Encyclopedia)Fournier, Pierre Simon pyĕr sēmôNˈ fo͞ornyāˈ [key], 1712–68, Parisian type founder. Fournier devised the first point system for measuring and naming sizes of type in 1737. He designed a numbe...

John VIII, Byzantine emperor

(Encyclopedia)John VIII (John Palaeologus), 1390–1448, Byzantine emperor (1425–48), son and successor of Manuel II. When he acceded, the Byzantine Empire had been reduced by the Turks to the city of Constantino...