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Carlsbad Decrees

(Encyclopedia)Carlsbad Decrees, 1819, resolutions adopted by the ministers of German states at a conference at Carlsbad that was convened and dominated by Prince Metternich following the murder of August von Kotzeb...

Bonpland, Aimé Jacques Alexandre

(Encyclopedia)Bonpland, Aimé Jacques Alexandre āmāˈ zhäkˈ älĕksäNˈdrə bôNpläNˈ [key], 1773–1858, French surgeon and naturalist who accompanied Alexander von Humboldt on his expedition in Latin Ameri...

Zabrze

(Encyclopedia)Zabrze zäbˈzhĕ [key], Ger. Hindenburg, city (1992 est. pop. 202,800), Śląskie prov., S Poland. It is a railway junction in the Katowice mining and industrial region. Local coal deposits form the ...

Raeder, Erich

(Encyclopedia)Raeder, Erich āˈrĭkh rāˈdər [key], 1876–1960, German admiral. As chief of staff to Admiral Franz von Hipper in World War I, he took part in the battles of Dogger Bank (1915) and Jutland (1916)...

Frankfurt School

(Encyclopedia)Frankfurt School, a group of researchers associated with the Institut für Sozialforschung (Institute of Social Research), founded in 1923 as an autonomous division of the Univ. of Frankfurt. The inst...

Nolde, Emil

(Encyclopedia)Nolde, Emil āˈmēl nôlˈdə [key], 1867–1956, German expressionist painter and graphic artist. His original name was Emil Hansen. After teaching in Switzerland (1892–98), Nolde traveled through...

Schnitzler, Arthur

(Encyclopedia)Schnitzler, Arthur ärˈto͝or shnĭtsˈlər [key], 1862–1931, Austrian dramatist and novelist. The son of a prominent Jewish Viennese physician, he studied and practiced medicine until he attracted...

Richter, Hans

(Encyclopedia)Richter, Hans rĭkhˈtər [key], 1888–1976, American artist, b. Germany. A painter and filmmaker, Richter was influenced by cubism and Dada and was a member of the Dutch de Stijl group (see Stijl, ...

Michaelis, Georg

(Encyclopedia)Michaelis, Georg gāˈôrkh mĭkhˌäāˈlĭs [key], 1857–1936, German chancellor (July–Oct., 1917). A Prussian bureaucrat, he succeeded Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg as imperial chancellor and wa...

New Braunfels

(Encyclopedia)New Braunfels brounˈfəlz [key], city (1990 pop. 22,334), seat of Comal co., S central Tex., on the Guadalupe River; inc. 1847. Portland cement, consumer goods, crushed limestone, furniture, and leat...