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Caldwell, Erskine

(Encyclopedia)Caldwell, Erskine kôldˈwəl [key], 1903–87, American author, b. White Oak, Ga. His realistic and earthy novels of the rural South include Tobacco Road (1933), God's Little Acre (1933), This Very E...

Texarkana

(Encyclopedia)Texarkana tĕkˌsärkănˈə [key], city (1990 pop.: in Tex., 31,656; in Ark., 22,631), Bowie co. (Tex.) and seat of Miller co. (Ark.), on the Tex.-Ark. line; inc. 1880. Physically one city, Texarkana...

Evans, Oliver

(Encyclopedia)Evans, Oliver, 1755–1819, American inventor, b. near Newport, Del. He joined his brothers in a flour-milling business in Wilmington, and after studying similar earlier devices, he developed, install...

fair-trade laws

(Encyclopedia)fair-trade laws, in the United States, a former group of statutes that permitted manufacturers to specify the minimum retail price of a commodity. The first fair-trade law was adopted (1931) by Califo...

Hicks, Edward

(Encyclopedia)Hicks, Edward, 1780–1849, American painter and preacher, b. Bucks co., Pa. A member of the Society of Friends, he became a noted back-country preacher in the conservative group of Quakers associated...

Morley, Edward Williams

(Encyclopedia)Morley, Edward Williams, 1838–1923, American scientist, b. Newark, N.J., grad. Williams College, 1860. From 1869 to 1906 he was professor of chemistry at Western Reserve College (now Case Western Re...

Mumford, Lewis

(Encyclopedia)Mumford, Lewis, 1895–1990, American social philosopher, b. Flushing, N.Y.; educ. City College of New York, Columbia, New York Univ., and the New School for Social Research. A critic of the dehumaniz...

Lasch, Christopher

(Encyclopedia)Lasch, Christopher lăsh [key], 1932–94, American historian, b. Omaha, Neb., grad. Harvard, 1956, Ph.D., Columbia, 1961. After teaching at the Univ. of Iowa (1961–66) and Northwestern Univ. (1966â...

Panizzi, Sir Anthony

(Encyclopedia)Panizzi, Sir Anthony pänētˈsē [key], 1797–1879, British librarian, b. Italy. A political exile, Panizzi settled in England in 1823 and was naturalized in 1832. He was associated with the British...

Patterson, P. J.

(Encyclopedia)Patterson, P. J. (Percival James Patterson), 1935–, Jamaican political leader, prime minister of Jamaica (1992–2006). A lawyer, he became an active member of the People's National party (PNP) in t...