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Masson, André

(Encyclopedia)Masson, André äNdrāˈ mäsôNˈ [key], 1896–1987, French painter and graphic artist. An exponent of surrealism until 1928, Masson developed “automatic writing”—spontaneous linear expression...

Richards, William Trost

(Encyclopedia)Richards, William Trost, 1833–1905, American painter, b. Philadelphia, studied in Florence, Rome, and Paris, and settled in Germantown, Pa. Early in his career he painted landscapes and still lifes,...

chintz

(Encyclopedia)chintz chĭnts [key] [probably Hindustani,=variegated], originally a painted or stained calico from India. Esteemed for its bright colors and designs, it was used in Europe for bedcovers and draperies...

Clive, Kitty

(Encyclopedia)Clive, Kitty (Catherine Raftor), 1711–85, English singer and actress. She made her debut (c.1728) at Drury Lane under the management of Colley Cibber and worked for many years with David Garrick, wi...

Fildes, Sir Luke

(Encyclopedia)Fildes, Sir Luke fīldz [key], 1844–1927, English genre and portrait painter, b. Liverpool. He made drawings for the Graphic and other periodicals and illustrated Dickens's Edwin Drood. As a painter...

Oliver, Isaac

(Encyclopedia)Oliver or Olivier, Isaac ōlĭvˈēər [key], 1556?–1617, English miniature painter. Oliver was a worthy follower of Hilliard as miniature painter to Elizabeth's court. His work, more naturalistic t...

Fromentin, Eugène

(Encyclopedia)Fromentin, Eugène özhĕnˈ frômäNtăNˈ [key], 1820–76, French painter and art critic. After studying in Paris, he traveled in Algeria and painted North African subjects. His Quarry and Fellah W...

Gwyn, Nell

(Encyclopedia)Gwyn or Gwynn, Nell (Eleanor Gwyn), 1650–87, English actress. Once an orange-seller at the Theatre Royal, she became a member of Killigrew's company, making her debut there in 1665. Her charm and vi...

Browne, Hablot Knight

(Encyclopedia)Browne, Hablot Knight hăbˈlō [key], pseud. Phiz, 1815–82, English illustrator. At 21 he was chosen by Charles Dickens to illustrate Pickwick Papers. His success was immediate, and in due course h...

Bruyn, Cornelis de

(Encyclopedia)Bruyn, Cornelis de broin [key], 1652–c.1726, Dutch portrait painter and traveler. He painted for some years in Italy, where he was known, in Rome, as Adonis. Bruyn is remembered chiefly for the rec...