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justice of the peace

(Encyclopedia)justice of the peace, official presiding over a type of police court. In some states of the United States the justices, who are usually elected, have jurisdiction over petty civil and criminal cases a...

Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial

(Encyclopedia)Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial: see National Parks and Monuments (table)national parks and monuments (table). ...

Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace

(Encyclopedia)Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, at Stanford, Calif. It was established in 1919 as the Hoover War Library by Herbert Hoover to extend his collection of documents of World War I, but i...

Williams, Betty

(Encyclopedia)Williams, Betty, 1943–2020, Northern Irish peace activist, b. Belfast as Elizabeth Smyth. In Aug., 1976, Williams, a receptionist, witnessed the death of three children when a car driven by an Irish...

Arnoldson, Klas Pontus

(Encyclopedia)Arnoldson, Klas Pontus kläs pônˈtəs ärˈnôldsōn [key], 1844–1916, Swedish journalist and peace advocate. His untiring efforts for peace were rewarded by the 1908 Nobel Peace Prize, which he s...

Corrigan, Mairead

(Encyclopedia)Corrigan, Mairead (Mairead Corrigan Maguire) moiˈrə kôrˈĭgən [key], 1944–, Northern Irish peace activist, b. Belfast. Corrigan was a secretary and volunteer social worker in the Catholic neigh...

Gbowee, Leymah Roberta

(Encyclopedia)Gbowee, Leymah Roberta lāˈmä, bōwēˈ [key], 1972–, Liberian peace activist. A social worker and trauma counselor, she worked with ex-child soldiers from Charles Taylor's army, joined the Women ...

Dodge, David Low

(Encyclopedia)Dodge, David Low, 1774–1852, American merchant and pacifist, b. Brooklyn, Conn. In 1815 he founded the New York Peace Society, possibly the first such organization to be established. In 1828 other p...

Fried, Alfred Hermann

(Encyclopedia)Fried, Alfred Hermann älˈfrāt hĕrˈmän frēt [key], 1864–1921, Austrian pacifist. He moved to Berlin, where he was a bookseller and a writer. Influenced by Bertha von Suttner, he devoted himsel...

Worcester, Noah

(Encyclopedia)Worcester, Noah wo͝osˈtər [key], 1758–1837, American Congregational clergyman, b. Hollis, N.H. He was pastor (1787–1810) at Thornton, N.H. From 1813 to 1818 he was the first editor of the Chris...