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Alfonso VII, Spanish king of Castile and León

(Encyclopedia)Alfonso VII (Alfonso the Emperor), 1104–57, Spanish king of Castile and León (1126–57), son and successor of Urraca. He recovered the places in Castile that his stepfather, Alfonso I of Aragón, ...

Farnese Palace

(Encyclopedia)Farnese Palace, in Rome, designed by Antonio da Sangallo (see under Sangallo) for Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (Pope Paul III). It was begun before 1514 and, after the architect's death, was continued ...

Orlov, Aleksey Grigoryevich, Count

(Encyclopedia)Orlov, Aleksey Grigoryevich, Count əlyĭksyāˈ grĭgôrˈyəvĭch, ərlôfˈ [key], 1737–1808, Russian nobleman; brother of Grigori G. Orlov. He and his brother headed the conspiracy to put Cather...

Ossory, Thomas Butler, earl of

(Encyclopedia)Ossory, Thomas Butler, earl of ŏsˈərē [key], 1634–80, Irish nobleman; son of James Butler, 12th earl and 1st duke of Ormonde. Created earl of Ossory in 1662, he was made (1665) lieutenant genera...

Játiva

(Encyclopedia)Játiva häˈtēvä [key], town (1990 pop. 25,577), Valencia prov., E Spain, in Valencia. The town is a processing and distribution center for farm products. Its famous linen industry dates back to Ro...

Kir

(Encyclopedia)Kir kûr [key], in the Bible. 1 Unidentified land to which Tiglathpileser III banished the Syrians, credited by Amos as the original home of the Aramaeans (see Aram). 2 Place in Moab, identified with ...

Stair, John Dalrymple, 1st earl of

(Encyclopedia)Stair, John Dalrymple, 1st earl of, 1648–1707, Scottish statesman; son of Viscount Stair. He served under James II, but sponsored the accession (1688) of William III in the Scottish Parliament and b...

Snefru

(Encyclopedia)Snefru snĕfˈro͞o [key], fl. c.2780 b.c., king of ancient Egypt, last king of the III dynasty; predecessor of Khufu. Snefru began commerce across the open sea with Phoenicia, for the cedar logs of L...

Sombart, Werner

(Encyclopedia)Sombart, Werner vĕrˈnər zômˈbärt [key], 1863–1941, German economist. In 1917 he became professor of economics at the Univ. of Berlin. Influenced by Marx's historical approach to economics, he ...

Peter IV, king of Aragón

(Encyclopedia)Peter IV (Peter the Ceremonious), 1319?–1387, king of Aragón and count of Barcelona (1336–87); son and successor of Alfonso IV. He supported Alfonso XI of Castile at the battle of Tarifa (1340), ...