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Palma, Ricardo

(Encyclopedia)Palma, Ricardo pälˈmä [key], 1833–1919, Peruvian scholar and author. Palma abandoned an active early career as a naval officer, journalist, and politician to achieve note as a historian with a b...

Babylonian captivity

(Encyclopedia)Babylonian captivity, in the history of Israel, the period from the fall of Jerusalem (586 b.c.) to the reconstruction in Palestine of a new Jewish state (after 538 b.c.). After the capture of the cit...

Wolfensohn, James David

(Encyclopedia)Wolfensohn, James David, 1933–2020, Australian-American investment banker and financial executive, b. Sydney. Wolfensohn worked for banking institutions in Australia, London, and New York City, even...

Burnet, David Gouverneur

(Encyclopedia)Burnet, David Gouverneur gŭvˌəno͝orˈ bûrˈnĭt [key], 1788–1870, provisional president of Texas (1836), b. Newark, N.J.; son of William Burnet (1730–91). He went to Texas c.1817, and his leg...

Spener, Philipp Jakob

(Encyclopedia)Spener, Philipp Jakob fēˈlĭp yäˈkôp shpāˈnər [key], 1635–1705, German theologian, founder of Pietism. He was pastor of the Lutheran church at Frankfurt in 1670 when, to counteract the barre...

Duque Márquez, Iván

(Encyclopedia)Duque Márquez, Iván, 1976–, Colombian lawyer and political leader, b. Bogotá, grad. Sergio Arbolida Univ., Bogotá, 2000, studied American Univ. and Georgetown Univ., Washington, D.C. From a well...

Clavière, Étienne

(Encyclopedia)Clavière, Étienne ātyĕnˈ klävyĕrˈ [key], 1735–93, French financier. A merchant and banker of Geneva, he participated (1782) in the popular revolution at Geneva and was forced to leave when t...

Ishibashi, Tanzan

(Encyclopedia)Ishibashi, Tanzan, 1884–1973, Japanese politician, b. Tokyo. The son of a Buddhist priest, he studied philosophy at Waseda Univ. (grad. 1907) and became a journalist. He was appointed (1946) ministe...

Horn, Gyula

(Encyclopedia)Horn, Gyula, 1932–2013, Hungarian political leader, b. Budapest, grad. Don Rostov College, Russia. In 1956 he joined Hungary's Communist party and helped crush the anti-Soviet uprising. He worked in...

Jugnauth, Anerood

(Encyclopedia)Jugnauth, Anerood, 1930–, Mauritian political leader, prime minister of Mauritius (1982–95, 2000–2003, 2014–17). Trained as a lawyer, he was first elected to the National Assembly in 1963 as a...