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Cushman, Pauline

(Encyclopedia)Cushman, Pauline, 1835–93, Union spy in the Civil War, b. New Orleans. She became an actress at 18 in New York City. In 1863 she was banished to Confederate lines as a supposed Southern sympathizer,...

Gordon, Lord George

(Encyclopedia)Gordon, Lord George, 1751–93, English agitator, whose activities resulted in the tragic Gordon riots of 1780 in London. In 1779, Gordon assumed leadership of the Protestant Association, an organizat...

Tromp, Cornelis

(Encyclopedia)Tromp, Cornelis kôrnāˈlĭs trômp [key], 1629–91, Dutch admiral in the second and third of the Dutch Wars; son of Maarten Tromp. In 1665 he was made commander of the Dutch fleet, but he was repla...

Tunguska Basin

(Encyclopedia)Tunguska Basin, c.400,000 sq mi (1,036,000 sq km), Krasnoyarsk Territory and Sakha Republic, E central Siberian Russia, between the Yenisei and Lena rivers. It has a huge untapped coal reserve. The ma...

Balkenende, Jan Peter

(Encyclopedia)Balkenende, Jan Peter yän pāətûr bälˈkənĕndə [key], 1956–, Dutch political leader, prime minister of the Netherlands (2002–10), b. Kapelle. He attended the Free Univ. of Amsterdam, earnin...

Radičová, Iveta

(Encyclopedia)Radičová, Iveta, 1956–, Slovakian political leader, b. Bratislava. A sociologist, she graduated from the Univ. of Bratislava (B.A., 1979; Ph.D., 1981), later teaching at Comenius Univ. and doing r...

Hayashi, Senjuro

(Encyclopedia)Hayashi, Senjuro, 1876–1943, Japanese army officer and political leader, b. Kanazawa, Ishikawa prefecture. After graduating from the Imperial Japanese Army Academy (1897) and the Army War College (1...

Berthier, Louis Alexandre

(Encyclopedia)Berthier, Louis Alexandre lwē älĕksäNˈdrə bĕrtyāˈ [key], 1753–1815, marshal of France. He served in the American Revolution and in the French Revolutionary Wars, distinguishing himself unde...

Viviani, René

(Encyclopedia)Viviani, René rənāˈ vēvyänēˈ [key], 1863–1925, French statesman. He entered politics as a Socialist and joined Jean Jaurès in founding the journal Humanité and in forming (1905) the united...

Arnold, Henry Harley

(Encyclopedia)Arnold, Henry Harley, 1886–1950, American general, chief of the U.S. Army Air Forces (1942–46), known as “Hap” Arnold, B. Gladwyne, Pa., grad. West Point, 1907. Assigned (1911) to the aviation...