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Gerard, James Watson

(Encyclopedia)Gerard, James Watson jərärdˈ [key], 1867–1951, U.S. ambassador to Germany (1913–17), b. Geneseo, N.Y. As ambassador, he handled many delicate negotiations, including those concerning the German...

Abercromby, Sir Ralph

(Encyclopedia)Abercromby, Sir Ralph, 1734–1801, British general. After serving in the Seven Years War, he returned to service in 1793 against France, where he commanded a brilliant retreat in Flanders in the wint...

Pirna

(Encyclopedia)Pirna pĭrˈnä [key], city (1989 est. pop. 47,100), Saxony, E central Germany, on the Elbe River. Manufactures of this industrial city include rayon, paper, glass, furniture, and steel. Nearby are sa...

Bent, William

(Encyclopedia)Bent, William, 1809–69, American frontiersman, b. St. Louis. One of the younger brothers of Charles Bent, he was for many years the manager of Bent's Fort, while Charles Bent lived mainly in Taos. W...

Fronde

(Encyclopedia)Fronde frôNd [key], 1648–53, series of outbreaks during the minority of King Louis XIV, caused by the efforts of the Parlement of Paris (the chief judiciary body) to limit the growing authority of ...

Lippmann, Walter

(Encyclopedia)Lippmann, Walter, 1889–1974, American essayist and editor, b. New York City. He was associate editor of the New Republic in its early days (1914–17), but at the outbreak of World War I he left to ...

Segni, Antonio

(Encyclopedia)Segni, Antonio äntôˈnyō sĕnˈyē [key], 1891–1972, Italian political leader. A lawyer, he entered national politics in 1919 as a leader of the Popular party, the forerunner of the Christian Dem...

Clews, Henry

(Encyclopedia)Clews, Henry, c.1836–1923, American financier, b. England. He emigrated to the United States c.1850 and joined an import business as a junior clerk. In 1859 he cofounded the banking firm that later ...

Pan-American games

(Encyclopedia)Pan-American games, amateur athletic competition among representatives of countries in the Western Hemisphere. The competition, held every four years, follows the organization and eligibility rules of...

Ibarruri, Dolores

(Encyclopedia)Ibarruri, Dolores ēˈbăro͞orē [key], 1895–1989, Spanish political leader. A founder of the Spanish Communist party, she wrote in several Communist newspapers under the pseudonym “La Pasionaria...