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Chechnya

(Encyclopedia)Chechnya chəchĕnˈ [key], republic (1990 est. pop. 1,300,000, with neighboring Ingushetia), c.6,100 sq mi (15,800 sq km), SE European Russia, in the N Caucasus. Grozny is the capital. Prior to 1992 ...

Columbus Day

(Encyclopedia)Columbus Day, holiday commemorating Christopher Columbus's discovery of America. It has been traditionally celebrated on Oct. 12 throughout most of the United States, parts of Canada, and in several o...

Freitas do Amaral, Diogo

(Encyclopedia)Freitas do Amaral, Diogo dēōˈgō frāˈtäs do͞o ämärälˈ [key], 1941–2020, Portuguese political leader. A law professor at the Univ. of Lisbon, he was a founder (1974) and leader (1974–82,...

Kravchuk, Leonid Makarovich

(Encyclopedia)Kravchuk, Leonid Makarovich lĭŭnyētˈ məkärˈəvyĭch kräfˈcho͝ok [key], 1934–, Ukrainian leader, president of Ukraine (1991–94), b. Velyky Zhityn, Ukraine. A political economist and long-...

Kuchma, Leonid Danylovych

(Encyclopedia)Kuchma, Leonid Danylovych lĭŭnyētˈ dənyēˈləvĭch ko͝ochˈmä [key], 1938–, Ukrainian politician, president of Ukraine (1994–2005). Formerly the manager of the Soviet Union's largest missi...

Largo Caballero, Francisco

(Encyclopedia)Largo Caballero, Francisco fränthēsˈkō lärˈgō käbälyāˈrō [key], 1869–1946, Spanish Socialist leader and politician. A trade union leader, he initially followed opportunistic policies and...

Turkmenistan

(Encyclopedia)CE5 Turkmenistan to͞orkmyĕˌnyĭstänˈ [key], republic (2015 est. pop. 5,565,000), 188,455 sq mi (488,100 sq km), central Asia. It borders on Afghanistan and Iran in the south, Uzbekistan in the...

Agency for International Development

(Encyclopedia)Agency for International Development (AID), federal agency created (Sept., 1961) to consolidate U.S. nonmilitary foreign aid programs. Originally an agency in the State Department, it has been a compo...

Riboud, Marc

(Encyclopedia)Riboud, Marc, 1923–2016, French photojournalist. After fighting in the resistance during World War II, he studied engineering. In 1952 he moved to Paris, where he met Henri Cartier-Bresson, who beca...

Anschluss

(Encyclopedia)Anschluss änˈshlo͝os [key], German term designating the incorporation of Austria into Germany in the 1930s. Anschluss was first advocated by Austrian Social Democrats. The 1919 peace treaty of St. ...