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Gournay, Vincent de

(Encyclopedia)Gournay, Vincent de văNsäNˈ də go͞ornāˈ [key], 1712–59, French economist, precursor of the physiocrats and of Adam Smith. A wealthy merchant, he was in government service as intendant of comm...

Gloucester, city, United States

(Encyclopedia)Gloucester, city (2020 pop. 29,729), Essex co., NE Mass., on Cape Ann; settled 1623, inc. as a city 1873. It is a port of entry at the head of Glouceste...

Anderson, John Bayard

(Encyclopedia)Anderson, John Bayard, 1922–2017, U.S. politician, b. Rockford, Ill., grad. Univ. of Illinois (B.A. 1939, J.D. 1946), Harvard law school (LL.M. 1949). After serving in the army (1943–45) and pract...

FitzGerald, Garrett

(Encyclopedia)FitzGerald, Garrett, 1926–2011, Irish political leader. After studying economics and law, he lectured (1959–73) in political economy at his alma mater, University College. He was first elected to ...

Meles Zenawi

(Encyclopedia)Meles Zenawi mĕˈlĕs zĕnäˈwē [key], 1955–2012, Ethiopian political leader, prime minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012), b. Adwa. After two years of medical studies at the Univ. of Addis Ababa, he...

Lleras Camargo, Alberto

(Encyclopedia)Lleras Camargo, Alberto älbārˈtō lyāˈräs kämärˈgō [key], 1906–90, president of Colombia (1945–46, 1958–62). A journalist, he entered politics as a Liberal, occupying many important go...

New Harmony

(Encyclopedia)New Harmony, town (1990 pop. 846), Posey co., SW Ind., on the Wabash River; founded 1814 by the Harmony Society under George Rapp. In 1825 the Harmonists sold their holdings to Robert Owen and moved t...

Mwinyi, Ali Hassan

(Encyclopedia)Mwinyi, Ali Hassan, 1925–, Tanzanian political leader. Entering politics in 1963, Mwinyi held government positions in Zanzibar, then several Tanzanian government posts (1970–84), before he was ele...

Papagos, Alexander

(Encyclopedia)Papagos, Alexander päˈpägôs [key], 1883–1955, Greek soldier and political leader. Commissioned an officer in the Greek army in 1906, he rose rapidly through the ranks. In 1935 he became minister...

Peña Nieto, Enrique

(Encyclopedia)Peña Nieto, Enrique, 1966–, Mexican politician, president of Mexico (2012–18). He earned a law degree from the Panamerican Univ., Mexico City, and an M.B.A. from Monterrey Technological Institute...