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Joanna, Spanish queen of Castile

(Encyclopedia)Joanna (Joanna the Mad), 1479–1555, Spanish queen of Castile and León (1504–55), daughter of Ferdinand II and Isabella I. She succeeded to Castile and León at the death of her mother. Ferdinand ...

John II, king of Hungary and prince of Transylvania

(Encyclopedia)John II (John Sigismund Zapolya), 1540–71, king of Hungary and prince of Transylvania, son of John I. Through his mother, Isabel (daughter of Sigismund I of Poland), he was related to the Jagiello d...

John I, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia)John I (John the Great), 1357?–1433, king of Portugal (1385–1433), illegitimate son of Peter I. He was made (1364) grand master of the Knights of Aviz and exercised his influence in opposition to ...

Welser

(Encyclopedia)Welser vĕlˈzər [key], German family of wealthy merchants and bankers at Augsburg. It reached the height of its prosperity under Bartholomäus Welser, 1488–1561, who had advanced large sums to Hol...

Krüdener, Juliana, Baroness von

(Encyclopedia)Krüdener, Juliana, Baroness von fən krüdˈənər [key], 1764–1824, Russian novelist and mystic. Born a Livonian aristocrat, she married a Russian diplomat. She left her husband (1801) for the ple...

Krusenstern, Adam Johann von

(Encyclopedia)Krusenstern, Adam Johann von äˈdäm yōˈhän fən kro͞oˈzənshtĕrn [key], 1770–1846, Russian navigator. From 1803 to 1806 he circumnavigated the globe. Although the voyage was undertaken to st...

Lettow-Vorbeck, Paul von

(Encyclopedia)Lettow-Vorbeck, Paul von poul fən lĕtˈō-fôrˈbĕk [key], 1870–1964, German general. In World War I he conducted a brilliant defense of German East Africa against vastly superior Allied power. ...

Logau, Friedrich, Freiherr von

(Encyclopedia)Logau, Friedrich, Freiherr von frēˈdrĭkh frīˈhĕr fən lōˈgou [key], 1604–55, German poet, b. Silesia. Influenced by Martin Opitz, Logau wrote epigrams in the contemporary fashion, bringing a...

Lohenstein, Daniel Caspar von

(Encyclopedia)Lohenstein, Daniel Caspar von däˈnēĕl käsˈpär fən lōˈənshtīn [key], 1635–83, German dramatist, novelist, and poet. Lohenstein is credited with having created baroque tragedy in Germany. ...

Lützow, Adolf, Freiherr von

(Encyclopedia)Lützow, Adolf, Freiherr von äˈdôlf frīˈhĕr fən lüˈtsō [key], 1782–1834, Prussian officer. He commanded (1813–14) a volunteer corps, the Black Troops (or Black Rifles), in the War of Lib...