Columbia Encyclopedia

Search results

488 results found

artificial kidney

(Encyclopedia)artificial kidney: see kidney, artificial. ...

artificial sweetener

(Encyclopedia)artificial sweetener: see sweetener, artificial. ...

artificial heart

(Encyclopedia)artificial heart: see heart, artificial. ...

heart, artificial

(Encyclopedia)heart, artificial, external or surgically implanted mechanical device designed to replace a patient's diseased heart. The first one used on a human being, the Jarvik-7, was implanted (1982) in Barney ...

artificial insemination

(Encyclopedia)artificial insemination, technique involving the artificial injection of sperm-containing semen from a male into a female to cause pregnancy. Artificial insemination is often used in animals to multip...

artificial languages

(Encyclopedia)artificial languages, languages that are invented by one or more human beings as opposed to languages that develop naturally among peoples. Examples of artificial languages are Volapük, Esperanto, an...

artificial elements

(Encyclopedia)artificial elements: see synthetic elements. ...

artificial respiration

(Encyclopedia)artificial respiration, any measure that causes air to flow in and out of a person's lungs when natural breathing is inadequate or ceases, as in respiratory paralysis, drowning, electric shock, chokin...

sweetener, artificial

(Encyclopedia)sweetener, artificial, substance used as a low-calorie sugar substitute. Saccharin, cyclamates, and aspartame have been the most commonly used artificial sweeteners. Saccharin, a coal-tar derivative t...

Infrared Astronomical Satellite

(Encyclopedia)Infrared Astronomical Satellite: see infrared astronomy. ...