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Pigou, Arthur Cecil

(Encyclopedia)Pigou, Arthur Cecil pĭˈgo͞o [key], 1877–1959, British economist, grad. King's College, Cambridge. He was a lecturer at University College, London, and at Cambridge. He was professor of political ...

Williamson, Oliver Eaton

(Encyclopedia)Williamson, Oliver Eaton, 1932–2020, American economist, b. Superior, Wis., Ph.D. Carnegie-Mellon Univ., 1963. He served on the faculties of Univ. of California, Berkeley (1963–65, 1988–2004, em...

corporative state

(Encyclopedia)corporative state, economic system inaugurated by the Fascist regime of Benito Mussolini in Italy. It was adapted in modified form under other European dictatorships, among them Adolf Hitler's Nationa...

Hearst, Patty

(Encyclopedia)Hearst, Patty (Patricia Campbell Hearst Shaw), 1954–, American heiress and kidnapping victim, b. San Francisco. The granddaughter of William Randolph Hearst, she was kidnapped (Feb., 1974) by the Sy...

Heilbroner, Robert Louis

(Encyclopedia)Heilbroner, Robert Louis hīlˈbrōˌnər [key], 1919–2005, American economist, b. New York City, grad. Harvard, 1940, Ph.D., New School for Social Research, 1963. A prolific writer, his book The Wo...

Soros, George

(Encyclopedia)Soros, George sôrˈōs [key], 1930–, American stock trader and philanthropist, b. Budapest, Hungary, as George Schwartz. He studied under Sir Karl Popper at the London School of Economics (grad. 19...

Commoner, Barry

(Encyclopedia)Commoner, Barry, 1917–2012, American biologist, educator, and activist, one of the founders of the modern environmental movement, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., grad. Columbia (B.A., 1937), Harvard (Ph.D., 1941...

Macdonald, Dwight

(Encyclopedia)Macdonald, Dwight, 1906–82, American author and editor, b. New York City. As an associate editor (1928–36) of the business magazine Fortune he acquired a distaste for capitalism, and in 1937 he be...

proletariat

(Encyclopedia)proletariat prōlətârˈēət [key], in Marxian theory, the class of exploited workers and wage earners who depend on the sale of their labor for their means of existence. In ancient Rome, the prolet...

Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de

(Encyclopedia)Sismondi, Jean Charles Léonard Simonde de zhäN shärl lāônärˈ sēmôNdˈ də sēsmôNdēˈ [key], 1773–1842, Swiss historian, economist, and critic. A member of the circle of Mme de Staël, he...

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