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tungsten

(Encyclopedia)tungsten tŭngˈstən [key] [Swed.,=heavy stone], metallic chemical element; symbol W; at. no. 74; at. wt. 183.84; m.p. about 3,410℃; b.p. 5,660℃; sp. gr. 19.3 at 20℃; valence +2, +3, +4, +5, or...

atomic weight

(Encyclopedia)atomic weight, mean (weighted average) of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of a chemical element, as contrasted with atomic mass, which is the mass of any individual isotope. Althoug...

Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund

(Encyclopedia)Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund ändrāˈäs zēˈgĭsmo͝ont märkˈgräfˌ [key], 1709–82, German chemist, a pioneer in analytical chemistry. He proved that alumina, magnesia, and lime are distinct ea...

Kolín

(Encyclopedia)Kolín kôˈlēn [key], city (1991 pop. 31,595), central Czech Republic, in Bohemia, on the Elbe (Labe) River. It is a river port with metal and chemical industries; automobiles are produced nearby. T...

Kopp, Hermann Franz Moritz

(Encyclopedia)Kopp, Hermann Franz Moritz hĕrˈmän fräntz mōˈrĭts kôp [key], 1817–92, German physical chemist and historian of chemistry. His research concerned the connection between the physical propertie...

Tizard, Sir Henry Thomas

(Encyclopedia)Tizard, Sir Henry Thomas, 1885–1959, English physical chemist and scientific adviser. He was educated at Westminster school and Magdalen College, Oxford, from which he received honors in natural sci...

Rjukan

(Encyclopedia)Rjukan rēo͞oˈkän [key], town, Telemark co., S Norway, on the Rjukanfoss, one of several high waterfalls of the Måne River. Its large power stations supply electricity to saltpeter and chemical fe...

Baroda

(Encyclopedia)Baroda bərōˈdə [key], former native state, now incorporated in Gujarat state, W central I...

Setúbal

(Encyclopedia)Setúbal səto͞oˈbəl [key], city (1991 pop. 83,548), capital of Setúbal district, S central Portugal, on the Bay of Setúbal at the mouth of the Sado River, in Estremadura. One of Portugal's most ...

Shymkent

(Encyclopedia)Shymkent chĭmkyĕntˈ [key], city (1993 est. pop. 404,000), S Kazakhstan, on the Turkistan-Siberia RR. It has large zinc and lead smelters and machine, chemical, and food-processing industries. Found...