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Greenberg, Joseph Harold

(Encyclopedia)Greenberg, Joseph Harold, 1915–2001, American anthropological linguist, b. New York City, grad. Columbia (A.B., 1936) and Northwestern Univ. (Ph.D., 1940). He was a professor of anthropology at Colu...

Bergman, Torbern Olof

(Encyclopedia)Bergman, Torbern Olof to͝orˈbərn o͞oˈlôv bĕrˈyəmän [key], 1735–84, Swedish chemist, physicist, and mineralogist. A professor at the Univ. of Uppsala from 1758, he developed a theory of che...

Fabricius, Johan Christian

(Encyclopedia)Fabricius, Johan Christian yōhănˈ krĭsˈtyän fäbrēˈsyo͝os [key], 1745–1808, Danish entomologist. Influenced by the methods of Linnaeus, under whom he studied, he devised a system of classif...

Bauhin, Gaspard

(Encyclopedia)Bauhin, Gaspard gäspärˈ bōăNˈ [key], 1560–1624, Swiss botanist and doctor of medicine, of French descent. His early classification of plants by genus and species in his chief work, the Pinax t...

Bryozoa

(Encyclopedia)Bryozoa brīˌəzōˈə [key], name of a phylum, in older systems of classification, that included the invertebrate animals now classified in the phyla Entoprocta and Ectoprocta. The term bryozoan (or...

Scaliger, Julius Caesar

(Encyclopedia)Scaliger, Julius Caesar, 1484–1558, Italian philologist and physician in France. Scaliger studied medicine and settled in France (1526), where he worked as a physician. A scholar of profound eruditi...

biology

(Encyclopedia)biology, the science that deals with living things. It is broadly divided into zoology, the study of animal life, and botany, the study of plant life. Subdivisions of each of these sciences include cy...

Bertillon system

(Encyclopedia)Bertillon system bərtĭlˈyən [key], first scientific method of criminal identification, developed by the French criminologist Alphonse Bertillon (1853–1914). The system, based on the classificati...

Penck, Albrecht

(Encyclopedia)Penck, Albrecht älˈbrĕkht pĕngk [key], 1858–1945, German geographer and geologist. He was professor at the Univ. of Vienna (1885–1906) and at the Univ. of Berlin (1906–26) and was director (...

anthropometry

(Encyclopedia)anthropometry ănthrəpŏmˈətrē [key], technique of measuring the human body in terms of dimensions, proportions, and ratios such as those provided by the cephalic index. Once the standard approach...