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Warshel, Arieh

(Encyclopedia)Warshel, Arieh, 1940–, Israeli-American chemist, b. Kibbutz Sde Nahum (in what is now Israel), Ph.D. Weizmann Institute, 1969. He has been a professor at the Univ. of Southern California since 1976....

cryptography

(Encyclopedia)cryptography krĭptŏgˈrəfē [key] [Gr.,=hidden writing], science of secret writing. There are many devices by which a message can be concealed from the casual reader, e.g., invisible writing, but t...

Kasparov, Garry

(Encyclopedia)Kasparov, Garry kəspärˈôf, –ŏf [key], 1963–, Armenian chess player, b. Azerbaijan (then in the USSR) as Garik Kimovich Wainshtein. He became the world junior champion at the age of 16 and was...

lock and key

(Encyclopedia)lock and key, fastening fitted to an entryway, such as a gate or door, or a container, such as a cabinet, drawer or safe, to keep it closed and/or prevent unauthorized access or use. Locks typically c...

Lorenz, Edward Norton

(Encyclopedia)Lorenz, Edward Norton, 1917–2008, American meteorologist and pioneer of chaos theory, b. West Hartford, Conn., Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1948. Lorenz became interested in meteorol...

Ruse

(Encyclopedia)Ruse ro͝oˈsĕ [key], city (1993 pop. 170,209), NE Bulgaria, on the Danube River bordering Romania. The chief river port of Bulgaria, it is also an industrial and communications center; a bridge span...

Shenzhen

(Encyclopedia)Shenzhen shĕnˈjŭnˈ [key], city (1994 est. pop. 695,600) and port, S Guangdong prov., China, on the South China Sea, N of Hong Kong. Designated a special economic zone in 1979 when it was undevelop...

cryotron

(Encyclopedia)cryotron krīˈōtrŏnˌ [key], magnetically controlled electronic switching device that operates at extremely low temperatures; it is designed to supplant, in part, the transistor in special electron...

Getty Center

(Encyclopedia)Getty Center, art museum complex in Brentwood, Calif., operated by the J. Paul Getty Trust. It consists of six buildings on 124 acres (50 hectares) located on a spectacular promontory overlooking Los ...

Poughkeepsie

(Encyclopedia)Poughkeepsie pəkĭpˈsē [key], city (1990 pop. 28,844), seat of Dutchess co., SE N.Y., on the Hudson River; settled 1687 by the Dutch, inc. as a city 1854. It is a trade center and was once a major ...