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Mahgoub, Muhammad Ahmad

(Encyclopedia)Mahgoub, Muhammad Ahmad mo͞ohämˈmäd äkhmädˈ mäˈgo͞o [key], 1908–76, Sudanese political leader. After twice serving as Sudan's minister of foreign affairs (1956–58, 1964–65), he was ele...

Marmont, Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de

(Encyclopedia)Marmont, Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de ōgüstˈ frādārēkˈ lwē vyĕs də märmôNˈ [key], 1774–1852, marshal of France. He fought with Napoleon in Italy and Egypt and took part in his cou...

Kassem, Abdul Karim

(Encyclopedia)Kassem, Abdul Karim äbdo͝olˈ kärēmˈ kässēmˈ [key], 1914–63, Iraqi general and politician. A graduate (1934) of the Iraqi military academy, he attended the army staff college. His outstandin...

Bakr, Ahmad Hasan al-

(Encyclopedia)Bakr, Ahmad Hasan al- äkhmädˈ häsänˈ äl-bäkˈər [key], 1914–82, president of Iraq (1968–79). He served as an officer in the Iraqi army but was forced to retire (1958) because of his parti...

Calvo Sotelo, Leopoldo

(Encyclopedia)Calvo Sotelo, Leopoldo lāˌəpōlˈdō kälˈvō sōtĕlˈō [key], 1926–2008, Spanish engineer and political leader. A conservative, he held (1975–77) ministerial posts before becoming (1980) de...

Brumaire

(Encyclopedia)Brumaire brümârˈ [key], second month of the French Revolutionary calendar. The coup of 18 (actually 18–19) Brumaire (Nov. 9–10, 1799), engineered chiefly by Sieyès, overthrew the Directory and...

Ahaziah

(Encyclopedia)Ahaziah āhəzīˈə [key], in the Bible. 1 King of Israel, son of Ahab. He was a worthy successor of his father only in that he followed Ahab's religious views. He was succeeded by his brother Jehora...

Captains' Revolution

(Encyclopedia)Captains' Revolution, coup staged (Apr. 25, 1974) by military officers who opposed Portugal's policy toward its African territories. By early 1974 dissatisfaction with the debilitating, seemingly endl...

Takahashi, Korekiyo

(Encyclopedia)Takahashi, Korekiyo kōrāˈkēō täˌkähäˈshē [key], 1854–1936, Japanese statesman and financier. Long an official of the Yokohama Specie Bank, he became its president in 1906, and from 1911 t...

Bédié, Henri Konan

(Encyclopedia)Bédié, Henri Konan, 1934–, Ivoirian political leader. A member of the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire–African Democratic Rally (PDCI), Bédié was the country's ambassador to the United State...