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Bry, Théodore de

(Encyclopedia)Bry, Théodore de tēōdôrˈ də brē, brī [key], 1528–98, Flemish engraver and publisher, b. Liège. He spent most of his life in Frankfurt-am-Main. He visited London, where he executed a series ...

Boston Massacre

(Encyclopedia)Boston Massacre, 1770, pre-Revolutionary incident growing out of the resentment against the British troops sent to Boston to maintain order and to enforce the Townshend Acts. The troops, constantly to...

Levine, Jack

(Encyclopedia)Levine, Jack ləvīnˈ [key], 1915–2010, American painter, b. Boston. Levine began his career with the Federal Arts Project. His savagely realistic paintings, executed with diffused, prismatic textu...

Mo-Tzu

(Encyclopedia)Mo-Tzu dē [key], c.470 b.c.–391 b.c., Chinese philosopher. His teachings, found in The Mo Tzu, emphasize universal love—that people should love all others as they love their own families and stat...

Croesus

(Encyclopedia)Croesus krēˈsəs [key], d. c.547 b.c., king of Lydia (560–c.547 b.c.), noted for his great wealth. He was the son of Alyattes. He continued his father's policy of conquering the Ionian cities of A...

Oyama, Iwao

(Encyclopedia)Oyama, Iwao ēwäˈō ōˈyämä [key], 1842–1916, Japanese field marshal. A native of Satsuma and a follower of Okubo Toshimichi, he worked to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate and restore the emper...

irony

(Encyclopedia)irony, figure of speech in which what is stated is not what is meant. The user of irony assumes that his reader or listener understands the concealed meaning of his statement. Perhaps the simplest for...

Carrà, Carlo

(Encyclopedia)Carrà, Carlo käräˈ [key], 1881–1966, Italian painter. Trained as a decorator, he became associated with the artists involved in the development of futurism. His The Funeral of the Anarchist Gall...

custom

(Encyclopedia)custom, habitual group pattern of behavior that is transmitted from one generation to another and is not biologically determined. Since societies are perpetually changing, no matter how slowly, all cu...

All Souls' Day

(Encyclopedia)All Souls' Day, Nov. 2 (exceptionally, Nov. 3), feast of the Roman Catholic Church on which the church on earth prays for the souls of the faithful departed still suffering in purgatory. The proper of...